Types of predicates: simple, compound, nominal, verb

A predicate is an integral part of the grammatical basis of a sentence. Different types of predicate in the Russian language can answer different questions, have different meanings, be expressed in different parts of speech.

In our language, the predicate most often transmits the action performed by the subject (the boy runs around ). In this case, it will answer the questions "What does? "Or" What will I do? ", But expressed in verbs.

Less often the predicate can express the state of the subject, its sign, but answer the questions "What is the subject?", "Who is the subject?". To express, accordingly, such a predicate will be other parts of speech.

In Russian there are different kinds of predicates. All of them have real (lexical) and grammatical meaning. By real (lexical) is meant the name of the action or state, which the predicate calls. (The Volga is flowing.) I am a builder. )

The grammatical depends on the form in which there is a part of speech expressing the predicate. For example, in the Volga proposal , this is the current time, the indicative mood, and in the sentence I am the builder - the Nominative case, masculine gender, singular.

Let us consider more closely the types of predicates.

There are three. The most simple in form is a simple verbal predicate. It is expressed in a verb in one of the deviations, consists of a single word. ( It's raining, I'd like to go somewhere.) Run to the store. )

The compound verbal predicate (CGS) is constructed according to the formula: verb (auxiliary) + infinitive. In the role of the first most often appear words that have the significance of the phase: ( continue, start, quit ). Often, modal verbs can be auxiliary: must, must , etc. ( Ivan Ivanovich was a hunter to have a delicious lunch.) A schoolboy should study well. It's time for you to quit smoking ).

In such sentences, the verb auxiliary is needed for the transmission of a grammatical meaning, and the main for the expression of a lexical meaning.

However, not all combinations of the infinitive and the other verb are GHS. Studying the types of predicates, it is necessary to remember: that the combination could be considered a GHS, the verb auxiliary should not have a full-valued lexical meaning. This means that by removing the infinitive, it will not be possible to understand what the sentence is about. I started to eat, I want to sleep . In these examples, underlined words have incomplete lexical meaning, without an infinitive they lose their meaning, therefore the proposals have a GHS. Otherwise (with a significant verb) the predicate will be a simple verb, and the infinitive will be a minor member of the sentence.

In proposals with the GHS, the action of the infinitive should be subjective ( I began to learn a new dance ). Otherwise, if the verbs refer to different words, the infinitive becomes a secondary member ( I asked him to go to the store ). The word go is an addition.

This kind of predicate does not end there. The most difficult of them is the compound nominal predicate (SIS). It is built according to the formula: auxiliary + main body. Moreover, the auxiliary is expressed by a verb-ligament intended to convey a grammatical meaning, and the main (noun, pronoun) is used to express a lexical meaning.

Some bundles may not have their own lexical meaning, but only fix a grammatical meaning. He was a geologist, he will be a geologist .

Semiprecious ligaments are expressed by verbs denoting the name, origin, presence or development of a trait. They supplement the predicate with lexical hues, while in other sentences they can play the role of an independent predicate. ( He remained undeveloped and wild, he stayed with me ).

Finally, there are significant bunches ( I returned pleased ).

Nominal parts of SIS are expressed by nouns or other nominal parts of speech.

Types of predicates, examples of which are given above, help to diversify Russian speech, make it bright, expressive, emotional.