Orthoepic norms of the Russian literary language

Orthoepia is the totality of all the norms of pronunciation in the literary language, as well as a separate section of linguistics that studies the functioning of these norms. Orthoepy as a section develops recommendations for the pronunciation of various sounds, sound combinations, grammatical forms, words borrowed from other languages.

The basis of oral speech is such concepts as pronunciation and stress. Very often they do not reflect on the letter in due measure, therefore it is important to know how to pronounce words correctly in a literary language, especially since oral speech is developing very rapidly and is spread more. It's no secret that in recent years people have become less read and written and more talk and listen.

The main problem is that the available orthoepic norms are often violated. What caused these errors? Consider in more detail these errors and rules that will help to avoid them.

The orthoepic norms of the Russian literary language regulate the correct pronunciation of sounds in different phonetic positions, with other sounds, in certain grammatical forms and separately standing words. A distinctive feature of pronunciation is uniformity. Errors of orthoepic character can negatively affect the perception of speech by listeners. They can distract the interlocutor's attention from the essence of the conversation, cause misunderstanding and irritation. Corresponding to the orthoepic norms, pronunciation facilitates the process of communication and makes it more effective.

Orphoepic norms determine the phonetic system of language. Each language is characterized by its phonetic laws governing the pronunciation of sounds and words that they create.

The basis of the Russian literary language is the Moscow dialect, however, in Russian orthoephey, the so-called "younger" and "older" norms are delineated. The first displays the distinctive features of modern pronunciation, the second draws attention to the Old Moscow eerie-epic norms.

Basic rules of pronunciation

In Russian, only those vowels that are stressed are clearly pronounced: the garden, the cat, the daughter. Those vowels that are in an unstressed position may lose clarity and clarity. This is the law of reduction. Thus, the vowel "o" at the beginning of the word without emphasis or in pre-syllable syllables can be pronounced as "a": from (a) rock, in (a) rona. In unstressed syllables, the place of the letter "o" can be pronounced with an unclear sound, for example, as the first syllable in the word "head".

The vowel sound "and" is pronounced "s" after a preposition, a solid consonant or when two words are combined. For example, "teacher's college", "laughter and tears."

As for the pronunciation of consonants, it is guided by the laws of stunning and assimilation. Standing before a deaf sound sonorous consonants are stunned, which is a characteristic feature of Russian speech. For example, the word "pillar", the last letter in which it is stunned and pronounced as "n". There are very many such words.

In many words, instead of the "h" sound, you should say "w" (the word "what"), and the letter "g" in the endings is read as "in" (the words "mine", "nobody" and others).

As already mentioned above, orthoepic norms deal with the pronunciation of loan words. Usually such words are subject to the norms available in the language, and only sometimes they can have their own peculiarities. One of the most common rules is the softening of consonants before "e". This can be seen in such words as "faculty", "cream", "greatcoat" and others. In some words, pronunciation can vary ("dean", "terror", "therapy").

Orthoepic norms are also the norms for stating the stress, which is not fixed in the Russian language. This means that in different grammatical forms the word stress may be different ("hand" - "hand").

Remember, the right speech is the key to success . It must be constantly improved and developed. It is better once again to look into the orthoepic dictionary, than constantly make elementary and ridiculous mistakes in pronunciation or accent. Speak beautifully!