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Accentological norms of the Russian language

All languages without exception in the world exist both verbally and in writing. Both forms are characterized by certain lexical, grammatical and stylistic norms (punctuation, orthoepic and accentological norms). So, the oral form obeys the orthoepic rules, and the written form - also punctuation norms.

Orthoepy is called the doctrine of the rules of pronunciation of sounds and words, as well as the statement of stress. It is the accentological norms of the Russian language that are the subject of this article.

It's no secret to anyone that correct literary pronunciation is one of the most important indicators of a person's overall development. Proper and competent pronunciation in importance is in no way inferior to the correct spelling. In our time, it is possible to learn how to talk properly thanks to the huge amount of literature, not to mention studying the main rules in school.

What is accentological norms and why are they needed? Someone once said: "If you take the stress away from the word, the word will disappear; If you pronounce a word with a wrong accent, it will lose its meaning. "

A stress is a selection of a certain syllable in a word. In Russian, the stressed vowel sound is distinguished by the intensity, duration and movement of the tone. Among the main features of stress in Russian:

- mobility, which means - the stress is not fixed;

- the presence of stylistically colored and professional types of pronunciation of a number of words;

- the presence of several accentological options;

- oscillations when stating;

- stress in own names.

Let us consider some accentological norms on more concrete examples.

There are a number of languages in which the stress is fixed. As an example, we can mention the French language, where the accent falls on the last syllable. Russian accent, in turn, is diverse and can move depending on the grammatical form of the word (game - game). Due to the presence of such a movement, pairs of words may arise, where in one of them stress is normative, and in another one - colloquial. (For example, KOMPAS - COMPASS, Spark - Spark, etc.).

Different stresses also apply to words that belong to different speech styles (bookish, neutral). Thus, the neutral word "virgin" is contrasted with the folk-poetic "girl". At the same time, it is important to remember that verbal and professional words are not normative, and the accentological norms of the literary language do not apply to them.

In the Russian language there are also words that are called accentological variants. They have a double emphasis, but often one option is more preferable. For example, a pair of "creator" - "TVOrg", where both options are correct, but the first is preferable.

In some words of the Russian language, there are fluctuations in the statement of stress. Among such words: "dzhinsovyj - jeans", "in the waves - along the waves" and others. Nevertheless, in most nouns, only one option is considered normative (suggestion, sampling, table, fenomen and many others).

Do not forget about the proper pronunciation of your own names. This applies more generally to well-known names, for example, Salvadore Dali, Picasso, Peru. There are also a number of names in which the stress is variable (Newton - Newton).

In some words of foreign origin, the stress depends on the origin of the word.

In verbs that end in -irate, the more effective is the variant with the percussion I. In words that came to the Russian language only in the last century, the stress mainly falls on the last syllable. For comparison: block - mark.

Accentological norms also determine the change of stress depending on the meaning and grammar. With the help of stress, homonyms are distinguished.

Thus, orthoepia and accentology play a huge role in the Russian language and show the literacy of a person, as well as his profession, habitat and much more. Speak correctly!

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