Conjugation of Italian verbs: table

Conjugation of Italian verbs - a serious topic, three-dimensional, but not particularly complicated. Here, as in Russian, this part of speech is multifunctional. And most importantly - to remember some of its features and learn the rules, then the process of mastering the Italian will go much faster.

Specificity of verbs

This is the first thing I would like to talk about. Verbs in Italian form a whole class of specific words, and in sentences usually act as a predicate. They have a face, a number, a pledge, a time and, of course, an inclination. Realizing how all of the above affects the formation of words, you can begin to study a topic such as the conjugation of Italian verbs.

Return forms differ in the "si" part. Even verbs are intransitive and transitive - everything depends on their meaning. The second of the designated ones have a direct complement, which gives an answer to indirect case-related questions (to all of them, except for "what?" And "who?"). It must also be remembered that in Italian, nominal forms are often used - gerund, participle and infinitive.

Nowadays

It should be noted that the conjugation of Italian verbs is so difficult that there are too many varied variations of forms. But in this language, as in Russian, now there is only one thing, and it is called Presente. It serves to denote a state or action in the present tense. For example, "lei mangia" - "she eats". Also, Presente defines something repetitive or habitual. Let's say "Le lezioni iniziano alle 9:00" - "classes start at 9:00". Even to the definition of the form are events that should soon happen: "Mia mamma tornerà domani" - "my mother will return tomorrow." These turns are typical for everyday conversations. When it comes to the future, verbs are used to express the action that is supposed to be. For example, "Andiamo in un Negozio?" - "Will we go to the store?" And the last thing we need to learn about the conjugation of Italian verbs in this case is the rule about Presente storico, about the historical present. Here is an example of using this rule: "Nel 1812 i francesi si avvicinano a Moscva". In translation, this means a historical fact; - "In 1812, the French are approaching Moscow."

Infinitives

The conjugation of verbs in the Italian language also depends on which category the given part of the speech belongs to. They are divided into wrong and correct - like in English, German, etc. They need to be known, as more and more new verbs are introduced as the language is learned, and it will not work without them. Pronouns, by the way, are most often omitted. Proceeding from this, the rule is defined - the ending of a verb needs to be pronounced distinctly. Depending on how the infinitive ends (that is, the very part of the speech sounds like: "drink", "eat", "walk", not "I drink", "we eat", "you walk"), regular verbs Also divided into three types. But the rule for them is the same - you have to forget about the ending in an indefinite form and put the necessary letter instead. There can be several, it all depends on the person of the person who speaks.

The first conjugation

So, the table of conjugation of Italian verbs can visually explain how to correctly change a particular word. For example, "asperettare" - wait. Everything is quite simple:

• Aspetto - I wait;
• Aspetti - you wait;
• Aspetta - he (a) is waiting;
• Aspettiamo - we are waiting;
• Aspettate - you wait '
• Aspettano - they are waiting.

Indeed, dealing with conjugation is quite simple. It is enough to select the basis (in this case it is "aspett"), and add the endings that are peculiar to this or that person.

Auxiliary verbs

To these there are only two - these are "to be" and "to have" ("essere" and "avere" respectively). It should be noted that it is important to study this conjugation of Italian verbs. "Essere" can be taken as an example. In these two cases, the rule inherent in the previous one (that is, with the selection of the stem and the addition of the ending) does not apply. Here you just need to remember everything:

• Sono discepolo (I'm a pupil);
• Sei cuoco (you're a cook);
• Lui e medico (he is a doctor);
• Lei e tedesca (she is a German);
• Noi siamo colleghi (we are colleagues);
• Voi siete italiani (you are Italians);
• Loro sono russie (they are Russian).

The second conjugation

This group includes those verbs whose infinitives end in "ere". For example, "spendere" is "wasting". Again, it is simpler to present everything in the form of a table:

• Io spendo (I spend);
• Tu spendi (you spend);
• Egli spende (he spends);
• Noi spendiamo (we spend);
• Voi spendete (you spend);
• Essi / loro spendono (they spend).

The principle is the same as in the case of the first conjugation - the base + ending. Most importantly, when studying this topic, remember the golden rule, the essence of which is a clear and correct pronunciation. Otherwise, the Italian will be at a loss if he suddenly hears from the lips of his companion "Io preferisci" (instead of "preferisco") that he will understand how "I prefer." In the endings the whole point, therefore, attention must be paid to them first.

The third conjugation

The last one existing in this language. The third conjugation of Italian verbs (verbi italiani) in an indefinite form has the ending "ire". Take, for example, the verb "finire" ("end, end"). In this case, you will need to apply an additional syllable that sounds like "isc". He must stand between the end of the word and its root, and in singular persons without exceptions (she, he, you and I), and also in the third - plural (that is, they). On the example of the proposed verb, it will look like this:

• Finisco - I'm finishing;
• Finisci - you finish;
• Finisce - he (she) finishes;
• Finiamo - we finish;
• Finite - you finish;
• Finiscono - they finish.

Irregular Verbs

They should be identified separately, since this is an important topic. The conjugation of irregular Italian verbs consists in changing the basis of the word - the endings remain the same. It should be cited as an example of a few words. Andare - arriving, fare-doing, bere-drinking, cuciere-sewing, sedere-sitting, and usciere-leaving. You can consider the first of these, again by presenting it consistently:

• Io vado (I'm coming);
• Tu vai (you come);
• Lei / lui / lei va (he (she) comes);
• Noi andiamo (we come);
• Voi andate (you come);
• Loro vanno (they come).

That is, the formation of irregular verbs must be memorized, as in the case of auxiliary verbs. I have to say that there are a lot of words, and you will have to work hard to learn them all. The topic of irregular verbs is one of the most unloved among many people learning Italian language (and any other, there are always enough of them, and everything needs to be remembered), but it is inseparable. After all, to speak the language so that the speaker can understand the native of Italy, you need to own it sufficiently. And without irregular verbs, used in everyday life constantly, there is no way to do.

Pronunciation

And, finally, a few words about pronunciation. It was said a little earlier that the principle of the proposal depends, in principle, on how clearly the word and its ending were sounded. In fact, it is. In general, the Italian language in terms of pronunciation is fairly simple. It lacks letters and sounds that could be unusual for a Russian person (unlike German or Polish), but there are some features. For example, consonants should be pronounced in a sonorous and energetic manner. The Italian language does not tolerate "chewed" sounds, it is extremely precise, clear, impulsive and expressive. Intonation should also be pronounced brightly. By the way, the Italian language is simple in that it is not necessary to study the specifics of constructing questions. You can set it by changing the intonation. For example, "Hai fame?" - "Hai fame!" - "Are you hungry?" - "You are hungry!" In conclusion, I would like to say that everyone is able to learn the Italian language, most importantly - the desire and, of course, Familiarization with all topics.