Imperative, subjunctive, indicative

In the Russian language there are subjunctive, imperative and indicative moods. The beauty for us, as the bearers of the Russian language, is that by the name we intuitively understand the essence of these grammatical categories, even if we can not explain it from the standpoint of linguistics. The subjunctive mood is used when there is a certain condition for the performance of an action. The imperative mood we use when we command or order someone to do something, and the indicative mood - when something is told, we state our thoughts. But this is a philistine approach. Let's look at the category of inclination from the position of linguistics.

So, any, not just indicative, inclination expresses the relation of action to reality from the position of the one who speaks. Therefore, we can consider the inclination of an intentional, that is, depending on the goal of the speaker, a category. To determine the inclination, the position of the subject is always first determined, because it determines whether the action is desired, possible or suspected.

The reality and possibility of action in 3 times - present, past and future - expresses an indicative mood. Example:

I never thought that Beijing is such a beautiful city.

Looking through the old photographs, he involuntarily recalled the past.

It seems that nothing can be returned.

Wearily leaning on the stick, the old man hobbled along the snow-covered avenue.

Next week I'll go and talk to him, and by that time you'll have prepared all the documents.

The signs of the indicative mood are the endings that indicate the face and the verb tense. The verbs of the indicative mood can be perfect and imperfect and have a form of gender and number in the past tense .

An incriminating inclination in English is close to that in Russian. It performs the same functions and also shows that the action can be carried out at different times.

The imperative mood shows the expression of will to the second person, the addressee of the message. Inclination can act as an order, a request. All forms of imperative mood are used in the second person only in the real voice.

There are verbs from which the imperative mood is not formed. This "can," "see," "want." The fact is that these verbs denote an action that can not be controlled by a person. Some linguists endure as a kind of imperative and an indicative mood, or rather, its forms and combinations with the "let" particle. For example:

Leave the children alone, let them play.

Let it be, as it will, do not need to change anything.

And also poetic forms with a particle of "yes":

Long live the peaceful sky, happiness and sun!

The examples described are called synthetic forms of the imperative.

The subjunctive mood expresses the theoretically possible action. This action
It can be carried out if certain conditions are met. The inclination is formed by adding to the verb a particle "would", that is, analytically:

If only the mushrooms grew in the mouth!