Monolithic houses: reviews. Monolithic frame house: shortcomings and features

The construction of monolithic houses is carried out by a rather complicated technology. However, the basic principles are clear even to an ordinary builder. First of all, the construction of the formwork. In the future, it is poured concrete solution. What attracted today monolithic houses?

Expert Reviews

Today, buildings are built using different technologies. If the construction of the house of your dreams is planned, then professionals recommend choosing a monolithic design. Thanks to it, it becomes possible to build reliable cottages of any configuration. First of all, experts note that the construction of monolithic houses does not imply the use of heavy equipment. In particular, this applies to cranes. In this case, concrete pumps are used. With the help of the latter, the solution is poured into special molds. Concrete can be laid at a height of up to 4 m. Thus, the site preserves the landscape.

Technology advantages

Using this technique allows you to build the structure of any complexity and configuration. A curved shape can be used. This is one of the main advantages that monolithic houses have. Comments from many owners of residential premises attest to the high level of preparation of buildings for finishing. At the same time, the work period is reduced to a minimum. If we compare the similar construction of houses, in which formwork of non-removable type is used with other technologies, then the process of erection is accelerated almost tenfold. There is also a saving of money. This is one of the fundamental factors for many buyers who choose suitable projects for monolithic houses.

The main differences from other structures

Bearing monolithic walls are thinner than those constructed of bricks, more than twice. However, the constructions of the first 0.3 m thick by thermal conductivity successfully replace 2.3 m of the second one. Self-construction of houses reduces the cost of heating by almost 4 times. Thus, when building a 10x10 m building, its internal space will increase by 15 sq. M. M. This will result in an extra room.

Unique advantages

Monolithic private homes are distinguished by their strength and rigidity. Experts with confidence state that according to these parameters these facilities are unrivaled. In such buildings, the load on the foundation is significantly reduced. This is achieved due to the peculiarities of the technology of erection. For example, in the countryside construction it is allowed to use new, shallow-laid foundation. Also worth noting is the low expense for their erection. The layout of traditional materials and non-removable formwork is acceptable. Thanks to this, the developer can implement any construction project of a dacha or cottage. This applies to both individual planning and extravagant architectural style.

Reasons for the growing popularity

Apartment in a monolithic house is now considered a residential premise of business class. This technology of erection is characterized by a higher quality of structures. This is also evidenced by the operational period during which the house is suitable for housing. We are talking about age-old periods.

Features of erection

Simple enough to build monolithic houses today. The feedback from developers shows that a relatively small amount of equipment is required to build a structure. The principle of the technology is quite simple: the concrete is poured into the finished formwork. Thanks to this, the ceiling, the floor and the walls are perfectly even. The appearance of the structure is positively affected by additional finishing with facing materials. In particular, the monolithic brick house looks excellent. This type of structure is also called "breathing". They are cool in summer and very warm in winter.

Influence of climatic conditions

Any structure is subject to shrinkage. The monolithic houses are no exception. The feedback from the owners of the living quarters indicates that there are no problems with walls, floors and other surfaces during shrinkage, since it occurs evenly. According to the buyers of such real estate, for many years there are no cracks, distortions and other deformations. The influence of precipitation is minimal. In this case there are no joints between the plates. This factor is the main weakness of the panel structures. They, in turn, are increasingly receding into the background. However, in many cases, combined technologies are used. So, for example, some buyers choose a monolithic-panel house. In this case, the main role is played by the value of real estate. Multi-storey houses (monolithic) can be erected in any weather, even if the temperature is minus. Such structures can be called "seamless". They differ in enviable longevity.

State-of-the-art erection

Monolithic wireframe technology is a unique method. It combines two principles of erection of structures. This method was developed at the end of the last century. Currently, projects of monolithic houses of this type are very popular. This technology specialists characterize as fast, uncomplicated and high-quality. It allows you to save money on heating your home. This technology is based on the use of expanded polystyrene plates. Concrete is applied to them under pressure. Such a cottage will be very strong and reliable, if you compare it with other facilities. Such a house is guaranteed to be protected from the following:

1. Uneven foundation draft.
2. Various cracks.
3. Deformations of window openings.

With this type of construction only stable houses are erected. They are able to withstand the earthquakes and strong hurricanes. Specialists recommend using this method of construction in seismically hazardous areas and on subsidence ground. This technology has long been widely used in developed countries. The service life is about 200 years. In addition, such houses are very airtight. Such cottages are soundproof and very comfortable. This is achieved through a seamless design and lack of cold bridges. Inside the building, a "thermos effect" is formed. This means that in hot periods it is cool here, and in winter it is very warm. Now erect a monolithic frame house is cheaper than building a traditional cottage.

Necessary materials

Prior to construction, appropriate calculations are required. Average consumption of concrete per 1 sq. Km. M up to 0.7 m ³ . Reinforcing steel will require up to 70 kg. In order to make the formwork, it is necessary to use a variety of materials.

Metal

Steel and aluminum alloys are those elements that take on the main loads. From the first, the bearing elements of the formwork are made. In this case, galvanized or galvanized steel with a powder coating is used. The latter in the process of exploitation provides a quick cleaning of the formwork and protects it from corrosion. Aluminum construction is lighter than steel in about three times. Thanks to this, the price for setting up the formwork is substantially reduced, as is the laboriousness of its transportation. Thus, the cost of building a monolithic house is also reduced. In addition, the crane is not involved in the work.

Tree

For the production of the appropriate formwork elements, glulam or plywood is most often used. The first is very resistant to deformation and strength. However, wood has a significant drawback. It is a question of hygroscopicity. It is known that wooden elements can be shattered or swelled. Therefore, in construction, laminated plywood is used, which has a special phenol-formaldehyde coating. Due to it, the adhesion to concrete is sharply reduced and a high turnover is ensured.

Styrofoam

Fixed formwork of this material is actively introduced into low-rise construction of monolithic houses. It is assembled using connections between the outer and inner layers of the blocks. As for the structure of the material, it is very similar to the natural one. It is a bark of the cork tree, which includes microgranules. In foamed form, this material becomes vapor tight. Among its properties can be identified the following:

• Does not attract rodents and harmful insects.
• Do not pollute groundwater.
• Resistant to humidity.
• From a chemical point of view, it is neutral.
• Non-radioactive.

This building material is considered absolutely harmless. It even produces molding packages, which then interact with food products. Outwardly it looks like foam, however their characteristics are very different. In the process of production of this material, harmful impurities of phenol are derived from it, and special additives are added which protect the material from burning.

Main characteristics of walls

The structures in the houses built by this technology also have their own characteristics, among which are the following:

1. II level of fire resistance.
2. Acoustics - 53 dB.
3. Daily moisture absorption - 1%.
4. Heat dissipation per 1 sq. Km. M. - 3,2 K / W.
5. Weight of walls without finishing - 340 kg per 1 sq. M. M.
6. Thickness of construction - 30 cm.

Features of non-removable formwork: general scheme

The construction of a residential house for this technology includes several stages, among them the following can be distinguished:

1. You need to start with the preparation of concrete.
2. Then the formwork itself is prepared.
3. The assembly of the prepared concrete is carried out.

Further, the formwork must be treated with a special mortar. It is installed together with the accessories (brackets, racks and connecting locks).

Work algorithm

Monolithic formwork is poured with prepared concrete. It is necessary to wait for the solution to solidify. After that, the formwork is removed, while the fixed part remains in the concrete. In the future it will become a thermal insulation layer.

Important information

In monolithic construction there are forms of different types. For example, distinguish structures for foundation, floors and walls. Accordingly, the installation of the formwork is carried out in different ways. In the case of the structure for the foundation, horizontal spacers and special slopes are used. Formwork of overlappings implies the presence of three-dimensional or telescopic racks. To create a monolithic design, a variety of materials are used, among them:

1. Steel.
2. Wood.
3. Aluminum.
4. Plastic.

The quality and design properties are directly dependent on the material. In most cases, the fixed formwork is made of dense expanded polystyrene. The construction is a block with two plates. They are joined by stable bridges. Cavities, which are in the formwork, are reinforced during the construction process, after which they are poured with concrete. The planes in the system are equipped with locks that have a complex shape. Here you can see something similar to the assembly of cubes "Lego". This design gives a lot of advantages. First of all, there is no need to use retaining elements. Also, the geometric parameters of the walls are maintained. Thus, the tightness of the connections is ensured.

Features of non-removable formwork

Styrofoam construction is considered an even surface. For this reason, it is allowed to immediately start decorating the walls. Any building materials can be used. Finishing is fixed with the help of glued joint. A mechanical fastening can also be introduced into the concrete body. If non-removable formwork is involved, a reinforced concrete wall of monolithic type is erected in the process of work. It must have a soundproof and heat-insulating jacket on the inside and outside. Thus, the formation of foci of cold is completely excluded. Due to the thermal insulation layer on the outside, the monolithic construction is protected from unfavorable environmental factors. This also applies to freezing. This layer is a barrier between the warm air of the walls and the internal premises that are in the house.

Main disadvantages

Unfortunately, this type of construction, in addition to pluses, there are disadvantages. First of all, it is worth noting that it is expensive. And this applies not only to the cost price. It will take a decent amount to build a monolithic house. The price for 1 sq / m - starts from 14 - 18 thousand rubles. The rise in construction costs is due to the heating materials. An example is a monolithic brick house. The cost per square meter in it is from 1.5 to 3.5 thousand dollars. At the same time the process of erection will take some time. Accordingly, the delivery of the apartment will have to wait. Free planning is considered the main feature of such structures. Nevertheless, it can not be considered an unconditional dignity. Such houses can differ significantly in appearance. So, if the advertisement says that the building is built in accordance with an individual project, then this building in any case is monolithic.