Proper sewerage in a private house with your own hands

If desired, even a private house in the countryside can be arranged. The first thing a resident of the town faces is the absence of a warm toilet in the house. Without sewage, a person loses many amenities. This is not a luxury, it is a necessity. Sewerage in a private home is a complex process that requires consideration of every detail. How can this be done?

External and internal

Work related to the construction of sewerage in a private home, begin with the design of the internal and external system. In the first case, it is required to install a pipe pipe, riser, and pipe to all rooms where it is required: kitchen, toilet, bathroom and so on. As for the external system, this is all that is outside the house. Its arrangement requires piping to the septic tank. It is also possible to connect the sewage system to the deep cleaning station.

The task is greatly facilitated if it is possible to discharge the waste water to a centralized system. If the house is on an isolated site, then you should create a system with a self-made septic tank. It can be with a filtering field or accumulative. Cesspool in this case is not suitable.

Layout of sewage pipes in a private house

Before starting work, it is necessary to draw up a plan for laying pipes inside a private house. The process is greatly simplified if all wet rooms are located in close proximity. The scheme is drawn up individually. In the process, you should take into account all the features of the house and the location of the premises. The finished version can look like anything.

When designing the sewage system inside the house, it is necessary to accurately calculate the location of the collector pipe. Only then can you determine where the rest of the system will be laid.

How to draw up a correct scheme

The scheme of sewerage in a private house is an important stage. The quality of the system and its reliability depend on how correctly the plan is drawn up. Stages of the scheme:

1. On a piece of paper, preferably in a box, you need to recreate the plan of the house. When drawing up a plan, it is worth considering the scale.
2. Then it is necessary to determine the location of the riser or collector pipe.
3. At all levels of the building it is necessary to note the location of sanitary ware. At this stage, you should find out how to connect it.
4. From plumbing, it is necessary to lay pipes on the paper up to the riser. In this case, all connecting elements, tees, bends and corners should be considered.
5. It is necessary to measure the length of each element of the internal system and summarize the data. The result is the required number of pipes. The diameter of the material must be taken into account.

The final stage is the drawing up of the scheme of the external system: the release of pipes, their laying to the septic tank. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account all requirements specified in SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02, as well as SNiP 2.04.03-85.

What you need to consider when arranging the internal system

The laying of internal sewerage in a private house begins after the drawing up of an approximate scheme. At this stage, you should take into account a few nuances:

1. To drain sewage from the toilet, pipes with a diameter of 10-11 cm are required. Their total length should be at least 100 centimeters.
2. For gray effluents that enter the common riser from the kitchen and bathroom, pipes made of PP or PVC are required. The diameter of the material should be 5 centimeters.
3. To arrange the turns in the system, several plastic elbows made at an angle of 45 ° must be used. This helps to reduce the risk of blockages during the use of sewerage.
4. It is best to use the polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride pipes to arrange the sewage system inside the house. Such material is more durable, reliable and relatively inexpensive. When using such pipes, the sewerage in the private house is simplified.

Choosing pipes

Sewerage in a private house requires careful preparation. After drawing up the scheme and carrying out the necessary calculations, purchase of materials is required. For wiring inside the house, pipes of gray color are used. To equip the external system requires an orange-colored pipe. Explain the difference in color can be based on logic. Orange shades are best seen in the ground. In addition, pipes differ in their properties. First of all, it's about material. Pipes under the ground must withstand more severe loads. The material for their manufacture must be more rigid.

To lay the sewerage in a private house with your own hands was successful, you can use double-ply corrugated pipes. But, as practice shows, their application often is inexpedient. After all, the depth of sewerage in a private house is from 2 to 3 meters. It is much cheaper and no less effective to use orange pipes. Most often for the arrangement of an external system, a material with a diameter of 11 centimeters is used. This is quite sufficient for the normal drainage of sewage.

How to lay pipes? It's simple!

Plumbing in a private house with their own hands requires certain skills and patience. The most difficult stage is the placement of pipes and their fastening. It is almost impossible to do this alone. Therefore, an assistant is required for the job. This will not only speed up the process, but also improve the quality.

The simplest version of sewerage is the use of PVC pipes or PP. Such products are produced quite a wide range. If necessary, you can purchase material of the desired diameter, tees, knees and revisions. It should be noted that each part is equipped with a special rubberized insert - a cuff. Thanks to this element, the sewerage of the private house takes a little time. Connect the joints easily and at the same time reliably. If desired, you can process the seams in addition. For this, a silicone-based sanitary sealant is suitable.

What to consider

When laying pipes, it is necessary to take into account some of the nuances:

1. If the pipes run through walls or overlapping, they must be placed in special sleeves, which can reduce the load on the fragments of the system.
2. The slope of the elements of the sewage system depends on their diameter and is prescribed in SNiP 2.04.03-85. For example, for a material whose diameter is 5 centimeters, this figure should be 3 cm / m, and for a diameter of 10 to 11 centimeters - 2 cm / m.

Sewerage installation

If there is a problem and the internal system has a mismatch external, the laying of sewer pipes in a private house must begin with the release. This is the boundary zone between the systems. At this point, the riser is connected to a pipe leading to the sewage collection tank.

Mount the release is necessary through the wall of the foundation. The depth of its laying should be lower than the depth of freezing of soils. Otherwise, during the winter, there may be difficulties in the operation of sewerage. If the hole for the release was not indicated during the construction of the building, then it will have to be pierced. Its diameter should correspond to the dimensions of the pipe in the sleeve. The latter should be longer in length than the hole. From each edge the sleeve should cover the pipe more than 15 centimeters. These are the basic requirements for sewage production.

Installation of a riser and further wiring

The pipe size from the riser to the toilet should be 1000 mm. This allows you to determine its location. It is better to mount the rack in the toilet itself. The installation can be hidden or open. It all depends on where the pipe will be installed. Install the riser can be flush against the wall. For this it is necessary to use suspensions and clamps. Also you can mount the pipe in a niche, in a canal or in a box.

To connect the riser and the remaining fragments of the system, you can use the oblique tees. If the pipes are different in diameter, then for their connection it is worth using adapters. They allow you to abandon the use of sealant. In those places where there is an intersection of elements coming from the shower, sink or bath, it is necessary to install a collector pipe. Its diameter should be from 10 to 11 centimeters. Do not forget about the water locks. These elements do not allow unpleasant smells to penetrate into the living quarters.

On each floor in the riser is installed revision - a kind of tee, designed to clean the system with a strong blockage.

What is a fan tube?

Observing the rules of sewerage in a private house, you can easily create an external and internal system. In addition to installing the riser, a fan tube is also required. This is its continuation, which is displayed on the roof of the house. This part is mounted on the riser. At the connection point, a revision is mounted. After that, the funnel is taken out to the attic at an angle. Do not connect it with the ventilation system of the building or the chimney.

The pipe must be away from windows and doorways. This distance should be more than 4 meters. This fragment of sewerage should be located at different levels with a general ventilation of the house and a chimney.

Varieties of septic tanks

The laying of external sewerage in a private house is no less important than the installation of an internal system. With improper arrangement, problems can arise not only with comfort, but also with environmentalists. One mistake can turn a sewage system into a big foul-smelling problem, the elimination of which will take a lot of time and money.

Start with the device septic tank. Most often used sediment type. This is the capacity or the totality through which the drains pass. Gradually they are cleared. This is due to the precipitation of heavy inclusions. After the drain, additional purification takes place in the filtration well or on the field. In this case, both mechanical and biological method of cleaning are used.

There is another, simpler type of septic tank - cumulative. In this case, a closed container of a sufficiently large volume is installed. It collects all the drains. For the desolation of such a septic tank, drainage is required, which is carried out by a sewer machine. This method of arranging the outdoor system is easier to implement. In addition, it is cheaper.

How to calculate the required volume

Calculate the size of the tank for a septic tank is not so difficult. The volume is determined on the basis of sedimentation for 3 days. The average consumption per person per day is 200 liters. If desired, this indicator can be calculated individually. If the house is permanently inhabited by two people, then the capacity for the septic tank should be:

2 x 200 x 3 = 1200 liters or 1.2 cubic meters.

Stages of installation of the external system

Sewerage in a private house does not end after a complete installation of the internal system. After all, it is required to equip the outer part. Stages of arrangement of the external system:

1. To begin with, it is necessary to prepare materials: a ready capacity of the required volume of PP or reinforced concrete rings. If desired, you can lay out a brick or pour a monolith.
2. The next step is to determine the appropriate method for wastewater treatment.
3. After excavation work is carried out: a pit is dug under the tank and trenches for laying pipes.
4. All elements of the structure must be connected. In this case, do not forget about the comfortable maintenance of the septic tank.
5. Pipes should be installed under a certain slope. This indicator should be 2 cm / m. Joints need to be sealed.
6. The septic tank should be equipped with a ventilation system.
7. Having carried out work on heat and waterproofing of individual fragments of the system, it is possible to fill the structure with soil.

When placing a septic tank, it is worth considering the location of the buildings on the plot of land. Do not place a waste water tank near the recreation area or playground.

In conclusion

Now you know how to lay the pipes of the sewerage of a private house. If you follow all the rules, you will get a reliable system. Before starting the operation of the sewage system, it should be run. To do this, the system must be rinsed with clean water. This will identify all the shortcomings and fix them. Only after this can start the operation of the sewer system.

In fact, the process of installing individual fragments is not difficult. The main thing is not to make mistakes when drawing up the sewerage scheme, and also to make the correct slope of the pipes. Otherwise, the system will not function properly.