Features, properties, photos, sizes and types of tiles

Modern materials used in the process of repair or construction, have a set of characteristics. This allows them to meet the requirements and standards of existing standards.

Facing works from tiles are a popular solution to the choice of material. He has all the necessary qualities. Different types of tiles are used for finishing the kitchen, bathroom, public premises, facades and paths. In order not to get confused in the variety of materials presented, it is necessary to consider them in more detail.

Purpose of tiles

Tiles are used in a wide variety of conditions. It can withstand quite large loads. Depending on the operating conditions, the types of tiles (photo is shown below) are as follows:

1. The floor.
2. Ceiling.
3. The wall.
4. Facade.
5. Decorative.
6. Sidewalk.
7. Finishing.

Today it is very popular ceramic tiles. This is due to its properties. This material is used both outdoors and indoors. It can be used for facing at very low or high temperatures.

The more extreme the operating conditions, the more expensive the product is. Therefore, to choose a suitable variety of tiles is necessary precisely taking into account the characteristics of the environment. For a dry room with a normal microclimate, there is no need to purchase expensive varieties of tiles that will be resistant to adverse effects. However, for special conditions of the installation of the coating, it is necessary to select a lining with a certain set of qualities.

Production of tiles

Depending on the type of tile, the photo of which is presented below, various materials are used in the manufacturing process.
It can be clay, quartz varieties of raw materials. In the first case, substances make it possible to create a plastic mass that can be molded.

Quartz sand serves as a kind of skeleton of the product. Modern types of tiles also include carbonates or feldspars. They are necessary for the product to take the required hardness when firing.

After mixing all the ingredients, the molding process takes place. Then the product goes through the drying stage. Then glaze is applied to it and it is burned in the oven at very high temperatures. After that finished products are sorted, excluding marriage.

Varieties of ceramic tiles

Depending on the technology of production, several types of ceramics are distinguished. For lining the walls in the room, a material called biocuture is made. It has enamel.

Monocuture also has this facial coating. But this kind of cladding is lost for both walls and floor.

Monoporosis is a single firing tile. This technology makes it possible to produce large slabs.

Types of tiles that are painted throughout the material are called gres. Such porcelain stoneware can be matt, polished, polished, smaltirovannym.

Cotto is a single-fired material made from red clay. The clinker is characterized by a compacted base.

Majolica is made of a large porous material. Therefore it is used exclusively in dry rooms. For the floor in the room used cottages. Faience has the same properties as majolica, but has a white color of the raw material. This is the card of the material.

Advantages of tile

Sufficiently diverse advantages are facing tiles. The types and properties of this material deserve careful consideration. Correctly selected and laid ceramic tiles are very durable and durable. It is convenient to wash. This is a hygienic material.

A wide range of colors will allow you to choose the best type of cladding. This coating does not deform, does not conduct an electric current. Tiles withstand unfavorable environmental conditions.

The material is also environmentally friendly. It's easy to pack. The cost of this cladding is relatively low. This makes it public. Thanks to all these qualities, the tile is so in demand today.

disadvantages

The listed features and types of tiles make this type of cover popular. However, a number of disadvantages limit the scope of its application.

A significant disadvantage is the high rigidity of the product. Therefore, it can not be laid in a gym or a children's room. This greatly increases the injury rate.

Also, with inaccurate handling, chipped and cracked surfaces are formed quite quickly. Incorrectly selected varieties of floor coverings can slip.

Ceramics is a heat conducting material. Therefore, in the cold season, the material loses a lot of heat. This indoor coating is recommended to be used with a warm floor system. This is a disadvantage that can be turned into an advantage.

Wear resistance

Quality tiles are characterized by a certain set of properties. One of the most important is wear resistance. There are 5 classes of this indicator. They are labeled PEI.

The most susceptible varieties are referred to the first class. These types of tiles for a kitchen, corridor or walls are well suited.

The second class of coating can be laid on the floor in a room where there are carpets. The third type of wear resistance is allowed to be used in public premises with small flows of people. Covering the fourth class is suitable for the hall, stairs or busy public premises.

The most wear-resistant tiles are used at railway stations, airports, supermarkets. On it can freely ride service equipment, carts, etc.

Resistance to slipping and chemistry

Safety requirements pay particular attention to the slip characteristics of tiles. Smooth varieties are used exclusively for walls. Otherwise, the person is at risk of serious injury.

In dry rooms, the floor covering must have corundum spraying. Existing types of tiles for tracks in pools, baths, showers should have a ribbed surface.

Good tiles should also not be exposed to mechanical, chemical factors. This will fully cover the surface, keep it clean. Even common microelements contained in water can affect the material.

Special Characteristics

When laying the tile in different conditions, it is necessary to consider whether its characteristics meet the requirements of installation. Special properties include moisture absorption and frost resistance. Under normal conditions they are neglected.

But when facing external objects, swimming pools, these indicators are taken into account necessarily. The types of facing tiles that are used to equip, for example, the pool, should be characterized by low moisture absorption. This will extend the life of the facility.

Also, when mounting the tile on the street, it is necessary to pay attention to the class of frost resistance. Such a coating will withstand repeated freezing and defrosting. The manufacturer must specify such characteristics in the delivery package of the material, in the quality certificates.

Size and calibration

Depending on the type of coating and production techniques, there are different sizes of products. Tiles, whose types and sizes are most commonly found on the market, deserves a detailed examination.

A fairly common biocotature is produced with standard dimensions of 20x20, 20x25, 25x33.3 cm. Monocotture is most often characterized by dimensions 10x10, 20x20, 30x30 cm. Cotto has dimensions of 25x25, 30x30, 20x40, 40x60 cm. These are the main dimensions.

The caliber of the tiles may differ by several millimeters from the manufacturer's declared parameters. This is more common in tiles with a high basis density. In order to match the size of the whole batch, the tiles are sorted in a certain way in the production.

Mechanical properties

All types of tiles are characterized by certain mechanical qualities. This must be taken into account when choosing. One of the main mechanical properties is the resistance to bending. This indicator is the lower the higher the moisture absorption. Porous lining materials have low bending resistance, and dense - high.

The ultimate strength is also the mechanical quality of the cladding. It shows the maximum load the tile can withstand. The thicker it is, the higher the ultimate strength. For the floor it is very important that the coating can withstand the weight of not only the person, but also the furniture (sometimes very heavy).

When a massive object falls on a quality strong tile, no chips or cracks form.

Recommendations for selection

Planning the repair, it is not necessary to select the facing tile only based on its aesthetic qualities. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of its operation.

For wet rooms it is necessary to purchase a material with a low level of moisture absorption. For facing the fireplace, the walls near the kitchen stove should be preferred to a dense tile. But for a dry room with a conventional microclimate, the simplest version of the material, the price of which will be relatively small, is quite suitable.

Having determined the technical characteristics of the material, it is necessary to select the color and texture correctly. The tile should be in harmony with the style of the room. In small rooms it is better to give preference to light shades. They visually expand the space.

The exception is sex. It is better to lay out the dark varieties of the cover. Dirt will be less visible on this surface. Light tiles will require daily washing. Over time, contamination will densely settle in the structure of the material. It will be extremely difficult to wash them. Dark tiles on the floor are much more durable than the light of its variety. Practicality when choosing a material plays an important role.

Having considered the existing types of tiles, we can conclude that this is a fairly practical material. He is not without some disadvantages. But it has a lot of advantages. Correctly assembling and selecting tiles for facing different surfaces, you can create a durable, beautiful coating. A lot of variations of colors, textures and shapes will create a unique interior. Therefore, such material is so popular today.