Do not judge, and you will not be judged, or Which courts consider what cases

As long as there is a civilization, there will be various disputes between people. To argue - to punish the guilty or to justify the innocent - is the main task of the judicial system of any country. Everyone should know their rights and freedoms, as well as have an idea of which courts are considering what cases. After being competent in these matters, it is much quicker and easier to solve problems with the law.

Who will judge economic crimes?

Economic crimes are painful and widespread phenomenon. Violation of the terms of the contract, tax disputes, as well as everything related to entrepreneurship, is considered in the arbitration court.

On what cases the arbitration court is considering, one can learn in detail from the Arbitration Procedural Code, by which it is regulated. The decisions of this body are final and not subject to appeal. Apply to the court to resolve the dispute and protect their rights can both a physical and legal person, as well as foreign citizens who are engaged in business in the country.

The Arbitration Court is part of the federal judicial system of Russia. It is a structure that consists of the Supreme Arbitration, District Federal, Appeals and Courts of First Instance in the republics, territories, regions and cities.

The case is examined in arbitration in four stages:

I. Preparatory part - the possibility of considering the case.

II. Consideration of the case.

III. Judicial debate - the statement of opinions of participants in the process.

IV. The court's decision.

The length of the proceedings in the arbitration court is about thirty days. This is many times faster than in institutions of general jurisdiction.

What court considers criminal cases?

Dangerous human deeds that fall under the articles of the Criminal Code are examined and analyzed in a court of general jurisdiction. Such proceedings have two purposes:

1. Protect the victim.
2. Defend or punish the perpetrator.

The consideration of the criminal case takes place in several stages:

1. Initiation of the case.
2. Collection of evidence and evidence.
3. Preparation of the material (listening).
4. Court of Criminal Cases of the First Instance.
5. Court of Criminal Cases of the 2nd instance (appellate and cassation court).
6. Sentence.

If we talk about which courts are considering which cases, then the court of general jurisdiction, except criminal courts, also administers justice over civil and administrative offenses.

Criminal trials take longer than arbitration. This can be explained by long-term consequences, prosecutor's checks and collection of material. In criminal trials participate:

• State bodies (judge, prosecutor, investigator);
• Interested persons (defendants, accused, victims, witnesses);
• Defenders;
• Representatives;
• Public organizations (labor collective , etc.);
• Experts who help the judge to administer justice.

Crime and Punishment

Every crime committed by a person entails a certain punishment. Criminally responsible persons are those who have reached the age of fourteen. In terms of severity, all crimes are divided into acts:

1. Small severity (maximum sentence - up to two years imprisonment).
2. Medium gravity (up to five years imprisonment).
3. Heavy (up to ten years).
4. Particularly serious (from ten years and above).

Types of punishment :

1. Fine.
2. Prohibition to hold certain positions.
3. Forced labor.
4. Restriction of freedom.
5. Deprivation of liberty for a term or for life.
6. The death penalty.

In our time, a moratorium has been imposed on the death penalty, which presupposes deprivation of liberty for a term of twenty-five years or for life.

All crimes are divided by object:

1. Personal: murder (including negligence), rape, beatings.
2. Economic: extortion, robbery, theft, fraud.
3. Public: terrorism, hostage-taking, banditry, hooliganism.
4. State: state treason, espionage, insurgency, sabotage, abuse of official duties.

Civil Procedure Code

The Civil Court is a social phenomenon that protects civil rights. The civil process considers specific legal issues. He is brought to trial by the court, as well as by other structures involved in the case and consists of several stages:

1. Opening of a civil case (complaint, application, lawsuit).
2. Collection of evidence and evidence.
3. The judicial process (justice).
4. Appeals against decisions (cassation court).
5. Revision of the decision.
6. Sentence.

The task of civil proceedings is to timely review and judge the civil case, protect the rights and freedoms of citizens.

Types of civil proceedings:

• Litigation: civil, family, housing and other proceedings.
• Administrative and legal proceedings.
• Special proceedings: cases related to legal facts (adoption, disappeared announcement, etc.).

How to apply to the court?

Regardless of which courts are considering what cases, all persons who have attained the age of sixteen can apply to them. Up to fourteen years, the interests of children are represented by their parents or guardians.

Appeal to the court must necessarily be in writing, and also have the signature of the plaintiff or representative. The claim must be accompanied by all necessary documents. An application is filed at the location of the defendant or his property.

They sue in a world or district court. The first is engaged in the dissolution of marriages, the division of property, labor relations. The district court deals with more complex cases.

The judge shall, as soon as possible (not more than two months after the commencement of proceedings) examine the application and issue a determination, after which the case is initiated in the court of first instance.

Conclusion

Litigation is a very delicate process. Better, of course, not to bring their cases to the courts. Well, if it happened, then you need to get a lawyer with good practice. Choosing a defense, it is necessary to be guided by what courts are considering what cases. After all, everyone has his own hobby - some lawyers are strong in the conduct of criminal cases, and others - family.