When Pleshcheev was born and died. Pleshcheev Alexey: biography

Alexei Pleshcheev was a radical Russian poet. He is widely known for his numerous translations from English and French, as well as wonderful poems for children. Many of the works of this author were put on the music of Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninov and became quite popular. But when was born and died Pleshcheyev? What interesting events happened in his life? And how did he achieve his popularity?

Childhood and Learning

In Kostroma on November 22, 1825, little Alexei was born, who later becomes not only a Russian writer and poet, but also a well-known translator. He was born in a noble family, unfortunately, impoverished, and belonged to a very ancient family. Among Alexei Nikolayevich's ancestors was even St. Alexius of Moscow. In connection with the fact that there were several writers in the family, these traditions were always revered.

The boy lost his father early, and his mother, Elena Aleksandrovna, mainly dealt with his upbringing. Alexey Nikolaevich got an excellent home education, and only then, at the insistence of his mother, began training in the school guard ensigns in St. Petersburg. Alexei Pleshcheyev very quickly lost interest in military service and in 1843 left school in order to start studying the eastern languages at the University of Petersburg.

New acquaintances and the first steps in creativity

What did Alexey Nikolayevich Pleshcheyev do in the years of his studies ? From this moment the biography of the poet is connected with very interesting personalities. This is Andrei Aleksandrovich Kraevsky, Pyotr Aleksandrovich Pletnev, Maikovs, Fedor Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, and others.

And most of his first poems Alexei Nikolayevich sends for reading precisely Pletnev, who was not only the rector of the university, but also the publisher of Sovremennik. And Peter Aleksandrovich spoke very warmly about the creativity of the beginning poet.

Interest in political circles

In 1845 Alexei Pleshcheev became interested in the ideas of the socialists and became acquainted with members of the circle, which they called Petrashevsky. They were engaged in poetry and questions of its development in Russia. Aleksey Nikolayevich not only took part in such meetings, but also began writing agitational poems, and also often brought forbidden manuscripts.

Then he begins to translate the book of the ideologist Felicite-Robert de Lamenne, which the circle members planned to print later in his underground printing house. So Pleshcheev Alexei Nikolaevich, whose biography became very closely connected with the activities of this political circle, spent his years of study at the university.

The first collection of works, or the Poet-wrestler

Unfortunately, in 1845 Aleksei Nikolaevich was forced to interrupt his education due to insufficient material security. And the process of learning did not suit him. But he decided to prepare and pass the exams externally to complete his studies at the university. Despite the fact that he left the university, he did not lose ties with the members of the circle, or Petrashevists. Often they even met at his house.

The first collection of poems by Pleshcheyev was published in 1846. There were such works as "To the Call of Friends", "Forward! Without Fear and Doubt ..." and "By Feeling Brothers, We Are with You". They were very popular, and the last two verses even became hymns of youth. Many contemporaries began to treat Alexei as a poet-fighter. And this is one of the main interesting facts about which his biography narrates. Aleksei Pleshcheev became in fact the first poet to react to the events that took place in France. It is for this that the Petrashevists respected him, who tried to translate revolutionary ideas into Russia.

Consequences of participation in a circle of Petrashevists

Of course, most readers are interested in when Pleshcheev was born and died, but how many people know other facts from his biography? For example, the fact that this remarkable poet and prose writer, like many of his contemporaries, also went to exile. For a long time, Aleksei Nikolayevich hosted meetings of Petrashevists at his home. And in 1849 the police intercepted a copy of Belinsky's letter, which Pleshcheyev sent to Fyodor Dostoyevsky.

And on April 8 Aleksey Nikolayevich was arrested on the denunciation of provocateur. Under escort, he was sent to St. Petersburg and put in the Peter and Paul Fortress, where he spent eight months. At that time, 21 of the convicts were sentenced to death. Among them was Alesey Nikolayevich. But this does not end with his biography. Aleksei Pleshcheev and other convicts were taken to the place of execution, Semenovsky parade ground. Here they were read out the decree of Nicholas I, in which the execution was replaced by various terms of exile.

Years of reference, or Brief biography. Verses by Alexei Pleshcheyev in this period

Pleshcheyev enlisted in the rank and file of a prisoner company, and in 1850 he arrived in Uralsk. Here he spent a long eight years, seven of them served. First time, his stay in the service of Alexei Nikolayevich was very difficult. First of all, because of the negative attitude of the officers. He was not given leave, but he could temporarily forget about his creative activity.

Much has changed since Alexei Nikolaevich met a longtime acquaintance of his mother, Count Perovsky, who was governor-general. He began to patronize Pleshcheyev. Aleksei Nikolaevich not only gained access to literature, but also got acquainted with interesting people - the family of Lieutenant-Colonel Viktor Desiderovyevich Dandeville, with some exiles from Poland, Taras Shevchenko and the poet Mikhail Mikhailov.

Did Alexei Pleshcheev write any works at that time? A brief biography, telling about the period of exile, contains information about some of the verses that he dedicated to Dandeville and his wife. Also stories were written. When Alexey Ivanovich switched to civil service, he sent many of his works to Petersburg, where they were published in the Russian Gazette.

Renewal of creativity and cooperation with publications

In 1857, Alexei married Elikonida Rudneva, and in May next year she went with her to St. Petersburg during a four-month vacation. Then they return briefly to Orenburg. And here you can answer the question of many readers when Alexander Alexeevich Pleshcheev was born. The boy was born in 1858. Subsequently, he will become a famous journalist and theater critic.

In August 1859 the Pleshcheev family finally settled in Moscow. Here Alexey Nikolaevich completely devotes himself to creativity. Now he writes not only poetry, but also stories, as well as several novels. These are "Inheritance", "Father and daughter", "Budnev" and others.

Alexey Nikolaevich actively cooperates not only with Sovremennik, he also becomes a shareholder of the famous newspaper Moskovsky Vestnik. In his Moscow house, he often arranges musical and literary evenings. They could see Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, the actors of the Maly Theater, as well as Turgenev, Tolstoy and Nekrasov.

Continuation of political activity

Pleshcheev Alexei Nikolaevich, whose biography is still connected with political activity, continues to devote his works to civil and public problems. One of the main motives in his poems is the revolutionary feat. He was very upset by the event that occurred in 1861 (at that time mass arrests of students were made). He even collected money for the benefit of the victims.

The secret police continued to monitor Aleksey Nikolayevich Pleshcheyev. He was still suspected of spreading political ideas that were contrary to the views of the government. Despite the fact that there were grounds for these suspicions, no apparent charges were brought.

A period of frustration, or Lean writer's income

Since the writing career brings a very small income for which it is almost impossible to feed a family, Alexei Nikolayevich goes to the service and becomes an auditor. Which, of course, is infinitely depressing. In the late 1960's. In his works a particularly bad mood became especially noticeable. The reason for this was not only the numerous arrests of friends of Aleksei Nikolaevich, but also the death of some. And one more hard blow for the poet during this period is the death of his wife, who died on December 3, 1864.

In 1868 Nekrasov became the head of "Notes of the Fatherland" and invited Alexei Nikolayevich to the post of secretary of the editorial board. Pleshcheev moved to St. Petersburg and immediately fell into the circle of like-minded people. In "Notes of the Fatherland" the poet continues to work until 1884, and after the death of Nekrasov becomes the leader. During this period, Alexei Nikolaevich helps many novice writers, and Ivan Surikov even saves from suicide, arranging his first publication.

The last days of Alexei Nikolayevich and his poems

Of course, many readers are only interested in the question of when Pleshcheyev was born and died, but knowing the creative path and biography of any Russian writer is as important as his dates of death and birth. As for the creative activity of Alexei Nikolayevich, after his move to Petersburg he wrote, without stopping almost until his death. Mostly he translated poems from French and English. It was here that his main skill of the poet was manifested.

It should be noted that a separate place in the last period of Pleshcheyev's life began to occupy children's poetry. And many critics noted that it was these works that were filled with a special desire for life. Some poems have even been published in textbooks and have become popular with younger readers who not only love this poet, but also know his biography, and also when Pleshcheyev was born and died.

More than a hundred songs and songs

On the poems of Alexei Nikolaevich contemporaries and composers of other generations were written more than a hundred songs and wonderful romances. Pleshcheyev's creative work attracted a great deal of attention from Peter Tchaikovsky, whom Alexei Nikolaevich had known for a long time and had very warm relations all his life. And it does not matter what year Pleshcheev was born and died, most importantly, his work became a huge contribution to Russian literature.

And when in 1893, on September 26, this wonderful poet and prose writer passed away, many contemporaries felt an irreparable loss. On October 6, when Pleshcheyev's funeral took place, a huge number of people gathered at the ceremony. Among them were young writers who had repeatedly asked for help from this remarkable man.