Tumor on the neck: causes, symptoms, varieties and features of treatment

The sudden or gradual appearance of swelling or swelling in any part of the body should immediately alert the person. After all, the proliferation of organs or parts of them is not the norm. The cause for concern is a tumor on the neck, which can be a symptom of many pathologies. Often the swelling of this part of the body is associated with an increase in lymph nodes or the thyroid gland. Less often the tumor on the neck has a different origin. Regardless of why it appeared, you need to urgently consult a doctor. Most often, patients with such neoplasms are referred to an oncologist. After all, any bloating on the body can indicate the development of cancer. Nevertheless, do not panic in advance, the first thing you need to see the doctor and go through the necessary examinations.

Why does the neck bulge?

Answer the question: "What are the symptoms, causes and treatment of the tumor around the neck?" Can only a specialist. The first thing the doctor must determine is the cause of the bloating. And also get information about the origin of the tumor. Hypertrophic changes of each organ located in this anatomical region can provoke a tumor on the neck. Symptoms also depend on the origin of the pathological protrusion. In most cases, in order to find out why a swelling has occurred, a histological examination is necessary . It consists in splitting off a piece of tumor and examining it under a microscope. Such a method is necessary to determine the cellular composition of the formation. Thanks to such a study it is possible to find out the origin of the tumor on the neck, whether it is good or malignant. Only after receiving answers to these questions begin to treat the disease.

Tumor on the neck: the causes of the appearance

Since there are several organs, vessels and nerves in the cervical region, the origin of the tumor can be different. There are the following reasons for the appearance of protrusion:

1. Inflammatory diseases of ENT organs. Most often, with acute or chronic abnormalities of the throat, nose and ear, the regional lymph nodes increase. This happens with pharyngitis, laryngitis, angina, sinusitis, otitis, etc. After all, the outflow from all these organs is carried out in the lymph nodes of the neck. In addition, the cause of their hypertrophy can become dental pathology.
2. Benign neoplasm of the neck. Among them, tumors of the skin and fat, vessels and nerves are most often found. Also benign neoplasms can have an organ origin.
3. Infectious diseases. These include mononucleosis, influenza, diphtheria. Also, the increase in lymph nodes is possible if they are infected with tuberculosis bacteria.
4. Injuries of the cervical region. In this case, there is a small swelling or swelling of the skin.
5. Diseases of the thyroid gland. When the function of this organ is broken, goiter often develops. In some cases, the neck is considerably thickened on both sides. Sometimes there are nodal formations of the thyroid gland. Then the tumor on the neck is on one side.
6. Malignant neoplasms. Cancer of any organ can cause an increase in the lymph nodes of the cervical region. Most often there are metastases. Also, the organs of the cervical region (thyroid gland, larynx, trachea, pharynx, lymph nodes) can undergo malignant growth.
7. Leukemia - acute and chronic oncological diseases of the hematopoietic system.

Types of cervical tumors

As you can see, the etiology of neoplasms is very extensive. In this regard, there are many types of neck tumors. They are classified according to several criteria. The most important is the cellular composition of education. There is an evil and benign tumor on the neck. The causes and origin of the neoplasm are not as important as the degree of cell differentiation. After all, the choice of treatment and the prognosis for life depend on this. The benign tumors of the neck are:

1. Papillomas. They grow from the top layer of the skin.
2. Lipomas - benign formations, consisting of adipose tissue.
3. Fibroma. Consist of fibrous connective tissue. They can form from both the neck tissues and can be organ tumors.
4. Neurofibromas.
5. Lymphangiomas.

To malignant tumors carry the cancer of any of the organs of the cervical department. Most often there are lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. In addition, thyroid cancer and oral cavity are common. Neck enlargement can be observed as a result of growth of an organ malignant tumor, and because of metastasis to the lymph nodes. More often there is a second option.

It should be remembered that not only neoplasms can cause a tumor on the neck. Varieties of blisters also include inflammatory diseases of the lymph nodes. In most cases, they are caused by abnormalities of the ENT organs. Less common is localized lymphadenitis, not associated with other diseases.

Tumor on the neck: symptoms

Symptomatology depends on the cause and type of tumor. The most pronounced clinical picture is observed with lymphadenitis. In diseases of the throat, symptoms such as pain from one or two sides, hyperemia of the tonsils, the appearance of pus, difficulty swallowing and fever. This increases that lymph node, which is "responsible" for the affected organ. At palpation he is hypertrophied, not soldered with surrounding tissues. There is local redness and fever over the lymph node.

In benign neoplasms of the neck region, symptoms are often absent. The only clinical sign is an increase in one of the parties. If the hypertrophy is expressed significantly, then symptoms of compression of the organs may occur. This is manifested by a change in the voice, a difficulty in swallowing, unpleasant sensations when the head tilts and turns.

Symptoms of cancer tumors depend on the localization of the focus. Most often it is dysphagia, a change in the voice, pain when eating. If the neck tumor has arisen as a result of metastasis to the lymph node, then symptoms of cancer intoxication are noted. These include subfebrile temperature, loss of appetite, decreased ability to work, deterioration of the condition.

Swelling on the neck of lymphoid origin

In most cases, neck tumors have a lymphoid origin. Such formations can occur both in inflammatory diseases and in cancer pathologies. In any of these cases it is necessary to undergo a survey. After all, an increase in lymph nodes can signalize a variety of pathologies, each of which requires a special approach to treatment. With multiple protrusions, one can suspect Hodgkin's disease - neck cancer. The tumor on the neck will be on both sides and immediately in several places. With timely treatment, this disease has a favorable prognosis.

Tumors of the neck with lesion of the thyroid gland

If a patient for a long time suffers from a thyroid disease and at the same time marks the emergence of nodal education, it is necessary to consult an urgent doctor. The protrusion on one side is often associated with the proliferation of organ tissue. Nevertheless, the nodal goiter can develop into cancer. Therefore, histological examination is necessary in this case.

How do I diagnose neck tumors?

Tumor or bloating on the neck should be inspected by an experienced specialist. Only he can determine which body is affected. With inflammation of the lymph nodes, the diagnosis is limited to palpation. If the doctor suspects the presence of a neoplasm, an instrumental examination is necessary. To it or this the US of a thyroid gland, a lymphonodus or other organs, a puncture of a tumor concerns. In some cases, biopsy and histological examination are indicated.

Differential diagnosis

To distinguish inflammatory processes from oncological diseases is possible due to palpation of lymph nodes, concomitant symptoms and instrumental examination. In the pathology of the thyroid gland, in addition to the tumor of the neck, such clinical manifestations as sweating, exophthalmos, tachycardia, irritability will be observed. Benign lesions are diagnosed by ultrasound and biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment of a cervical tumor depends on the cause. In inflammatory pathologies of the throat, antibacterial drugs are prescribed (medicines "Amoxicillin", "Ciprolet"), rinsing with saline solution, decoction of chamomile. If the tumor is caused by an oncological process, a combined treatment is necessary. In most cases, resort to surgery, chemotherapy.