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Temples of Moscow. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. Temple of Matrona in Moscow

Domes of Moscow are sung in dozens of poems. White-stone, gold-domed, "Holy Russia and the heart, and the head!" - this is often called the capital. The temples of Moscow are both the heart of Russia and the sights of a unique city. The center of the Orthodox and Russian worlds, it should burn "like the heat of gold crosses."

The abundance of religious buildings

The churches, cathedrals, monasteries of the capital are known all over the world. Many churches in Moscow are under the protection of UNESCO. There are a lot of religious buildings in this city - temples and chapels in the Moscow diocese 894. At the same time, prayer rooms, where the services are systematically - 383. What is a temple? The temple is a house dedicated to God, it is a church where rituals are performed, the sanctuary of the Lord. This is the place where there is an altar on which the Eucharist is celebrated (thanksgiving, or the essence of the life of the Church). In a broad sense, the temple is a place of service to high thoughts. From which we can draw a conclusion about the breadth of the concept of the word "temple".

The Symbol of Russian Faith

The temples of Moscow continue to be restored and built. This is the need of the time. Very often churches are built at the expense of donations of Orthodox communities. There is a program of "200 temples". Such energetic construction is connected with the general revival of the Church after the era of prohibitions and persecutions and physical destruction of religious buildings. The most striking example is the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. It was built in the XIX century, blown up - in the XX, and again restored in all its glory in the XXI century. But many of the destroyed churches are still waiting for their turn - for example, the cathedrals of Alexander Nevsky in Volgograd and Simferopol. But the capital is for this and the capital, so that everything here is carried out in the first place. In addition, the residence of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia is located here, and this to much obliges.

The best of the best

Therefore, many churches in Moscow amaze with their restored and restored beauty. There are different lists of the most popular Moscow churches - a five-star system, which includes many indicators, on attendance, on beauty, on the importance in history. Of course, there are such pearls that meet all the requirements and requirements, serve as an ornament of the planet and are included in the world treasury. They primarily include the St. Basil the Blessed and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow - the main church of the Red Square and the center of Orthodoxy. In addition to the extraordinary beauty and uniqueness of both religious buildings, they are united by the fact that they are both cenotaphic temples, that is, collective tombstones that do not contain the remains of soldiers.

Temples-monuments

The Pokrovsky Cathedral personifies the memory of those who lost their lives in the capture of Kazan, and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was erected as a symbol of victory over Napoleon - on the plates of marble immortalized the memory of all those who gave their lives for the Motherland in this war. In addition, on its walls the names of Russian officers who defended Russia at the cost of their lives in companies of 1797-1806 and 1814-1815 were stamped out. How could such an explosion? It is terrible to imagine not even that they abused the memory of their ancestors, but that this vandalism was sincerely approved by the majority of Soviet people.

The idea of the monument

Already at Christmas in 1812, when the Napoleonic troops were completely expelled from the territory of Russia, Alexander I approved the idea promoted by General PA Kikin about the erection of a memorial church in Moscow that burned to the Napoleonic campaign, the national spirit that saved the country. An unsuccessful attempt to create a temple was made under the reigning Tsar Alexander I - the first stone was laid October 17, 1815, and when he ascended the throne of hard Nicholas I, the construction leaders were planted for embezzlement. But the tsar did not refuse to build the new Church of the Savior in Moscow. He independently chose a site for construction, a project and appointed a performer. The money was allocated only from the state fund.

Second attempt

The solemn laying of the temple was performed on the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino. Construction was carried out under the care of the king himself. Large-scale works related to the construction were carried out - the Catherine Canal was dug, which connected the Moscow River with the Volga. The cenotaph was built for 44 years - it was only consecrated on May 26, 1883. At first the construction was supervised by the author of the project KA Ton, then the work was continued by his student, Academician AI Rezanov. The best sculptors and artists of that time took part in the erection of the temple. After the opening of the Church of Christ in Moscow (abbreviation - HHC) quickly took a prominent place in the social and cultural life of Russia.

Farewell, the keeper of Russian glory ...

The huge Cathedral itself caused censure of famous artists who considered K. Ton as a mediocre architect. And, nevertheless, the new cathedral quickly became one of the symbols of Moscow. In its walls the music of outstanding composers sounded, the best singers of Russia performed. But for the new government, which came after 1917 and declared atheism as state policy, there were no authorities. Guided by the words of the hymn "... the whole world of violence we will destroy to the ground ...", the revolutionaries destroyed much of what for centuries was the glory of Russia. The conceived Palace of Soviets, under whose construction the temple-monument was demolished, was never built. Not for a century opened and the pool "Moscow". The tragic fate of the Temple worried many artists also because the HHC was not just a cult building, it was not just the main church that had to be destroyed decisively. It was a monument to the defenders of the Fatherland.

Repentance

Contemporary contemporaries were indignant at what had happened. In every article about the blown up temple there are lines of the poet N. Arnold. In 1931 he wrote the holy words - "... there is nothing sacred to us! And is it not a shame that the cap of gold cast lay on the block under the ax ... ". And, of course, there are references to the amazing prophetic picture of the artist V. Balabanov "Swimmer", in which the author foresaw that the scolded temple would be rebuilt. In the 90 years, there could not be no movement for the reconstruction of the cathedral. The driving force was the idea of repentance. In 1990, a stone was erected on the site of the blasted temple, and in 1992 a fund was established, the means of which were to be used to restore the HHC. The architects M. M. Posokhin and A. M. Denisov created a project for the revival of the church. The times were troubled, something certainly was done wrong, many things can be faulted, nevertheless truth triumphed. And now stands in Moscow a resurrected monument to the tragic Russian history. Big, central, significant, great. It differs somewhat from its prototype - and the color of the walls, and the material from which the individual parts are made, for example, medallions. But he lives his life, he is the property of our time.

One of the most honored saints

In Russia the saints are especially honored. Many churches in Moscow are built in their honor. But it happens that the already existing church acquires the relics of a saint and becomes incredibly popular among the people. So is the Pokrovsky temple, located on the territory of the same name nunnery. In it lie the relics of Matrona of Moscow. Every day it is visited by over 3000 people, on patronal holidays - up to 50 000.

From year to year, the popularity of the old man grows. Therefore, within the framework of the "Program +200" in the northern district of the capital, the largest temple of Matrona in Moscow is being built. Construction should be completed in 2015. At the initiative of the Orthodox community, which has existed here since 2008, it was decided to dedicate a new church to the blessed Matrona. The parishioners abandoned the typical project and wanted to build a unique church - it will be a five-cupola, with a separate bell tower, a large porch will also be crowned with two domes (total 7). The temple is designed for 500 parishioners. It is obvious that he will visit us no less than the Pokrovsky temple with the holy relics. From all corners of Russia go to Moscow people to bow to the relics of Matronushka, as affectionately nicknamed it among the people. Near the temple under construction there is a temporary, always crowded chapel. In the Dmitrov district, 88,000 people live. The Temple of Matrona of Moscow in Moscow is the first religious building dedicated to the blessed old man. The need for it is long overdue. From the day of his death in 1952 his fame became All-Russian. It was canonized as a local holy one in 1999, general church canonization was held in 2004.

Address in Moscow is necessary

Numerous churches and cathedrals of the capital have priceless shrines, pilgrims from all over the Orthodox world go to worship. Therefore, the addresses of the churches in Moscow are replicated and available. The network of dozens of sites with detailed location and the optimal access to the desired church. You can find the address in numerous guidebooks around the capital. So, HHC is located at: Moscow, st. Volkhonka, building 15-17, which is on the left bank of the Moskva River. Pokrovsky temple with the relics of Matrona is located on Taganskaya street, house 58. A building of the blessed temple is located in the Northern District, in the Dmitrov district, along Sofya Kovalevskaya street, ow. 14a.

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