GAZ-560 Steier: car specifications

The diesel engine on cars of group GAS - not a rarity. On diesel fuel, half of all GAZel and all cargo vehicles go: GAZ-3308, GAZ-3309, "Lawn" Next and "Valdai". Among the power units there are diesel from Cummins from China and the engine from YaMZ from Yaroslavl. But the first diesel, which was installed on the GAZ-560, - "Steier".

The Austrian power unit in its design features, according to reviews, was ahead of time. What is this engine and what is its zest? We will consider the answers in turn. We will also conduct a small analysis, evaluate the components, advantages, disadvantages and repair possibilities.

Russian Austrian GAZ-560 Steier

When Nizhny Novgorod auto-building company was looking for a diesel engine for its cars, power units of many manufacturers were tried. Among the tested were Japanese Toyota, Polish Andoria, Swedish Iveco and other European variants. The best result was shown by the Austrian engine Steyr M1. This was somewhat unexpected, as the company engaged in boat motors, and specifically the M1 was not even a mass-produced engine.

In 1996, GAZ signed an agreement with the Austrians to acquire a license for the manufacture of GAZ-560 Steyer engines. And, if the first engines were assembled from the imported parts from abroad, then later it was planned to create a Russian production base.

Features of the engine GAZ-560

GAZ-560 "Steier" has one bright feature - the cylinder block and cylinder head are made in a single monoblock. The solid cast construction is practically not repairable outside the service enterprise, where there are special tools and equipment. At the same time, such a technical solution has its advantages.

1. A single-piece engine does not have problems with burn-out of the head gasket. She's not there at all.
2. The one-piece design allows to maintain a higher maximum pressure in the engine, and therefore, to develop more power.
3. The thermal conductivity of a monoblock, in comparison with separate engines, is much more effective.

Another feature of the Austrian engine is the nozzles GAZ-560 "Steier". They are manufactured with a mechanical drive and are controlled by a microprocessor. Management is complex. The position of the gas pedal, the speed of rotation of the crankshaft and the readings from the engine sensors are taken into account. In which case, the fuel supply is reduced or even stopped.

Specifications

Let's consider in detail the GAZ-560 "Steier", the characteristics of which are as follows:

• Turbocharged diesel power unit of monoblock design;
• 4 cylinders arranged in a row, have 2 valves: inlet and outlet;
• The working volume is 2.133 liters;
• Engine power - 95 "horses", and for the variant with intercooler - 110;
• The average fuel consumption for the "Volga" is about 7-10 liters per 100 km, and for GAZel - about 10-13 liters.

Among the features of the engine is worth mentioning the turbocharger, which is very exacting to the quality of the serviced oil. The speed of its working parts reaches 100 000. The oil temperature thus rises above 150 degrees. If the oil quality does not match the required, there is a high probability of the turbine out of order.

The crankcase of the engine is cast from aluminum, which significantly reduces the total weight of the GAZ-560 Steier engine. To a monoblock, it is attached with elastic elements, which significantly reduce the vibration of the unit.

Applicability of the Steyr engine

The GAZ-560 "Steier" engine, the characteristics of which were mentioned above, is used primarily on passenger "Volga" and commercial GAZel. 4-cylinder power units were produced in variants with an intercooler and without it. In the initial plans of the company "GAZ" meant the serial production of 3-, 5- and 6-cylinder diesel engines. In each form, a turbocharger with an intercooler or without it was assumed.

In addition to cars and commercial vehicles, the plans of the two corporations were the application of "Steier" on pickups, minibuses, and also trucks of medium tonnage. Successful running in severe Russian conditions showed excellent results. The car, equipped with an Austrian diesel, ran well into a 30 degree frost, consumed less fuel, compared to a gasoline 406 engine, and was not "capricious" from Russian diesel.

The design capacity of the Russian plant was set at 250,000 units per year. The first engines were assembled from the completely brought parts. Then it was supposed to make diesel engines from domestic parts made according to the Austrian design documentation. Production began with 4-cylinder "Steyers." Cars on which it is possible to find diesel GAZ-560 "Steier", - Volga, GAZelle and UAZ. Other modifications of the Austrian unit subsequently did not happen.

Components

It would seem that such a cunning engine in the form of a single-piece unit should have many distinctive moments. However, standard and customary elements such as pistons, intake and exhaust valves, crankshaft and distributor shafts, connecting rods and bearings of crank and root, oil pump can be found inside the power unit. Of the features of the internal structure of the pump-injectors with "smart" control. Also very original and memorizing is an oil sump made of two halves. It is because of the GAZ-560 crankcase that the Steier is called a half-engine.

The Austrian unit has a habitual belt system of hinged aggregates. Here there is a system of rollers: bypass and tension mechanism. The belt actuates all the hinged elements. The bolt fixes the by-pass roller through the washer.

Calculated on average for 300-500 thousand runs, in fact, "Steyer" goes and more, if its at least a little maintenance. The idea of a "one-time" engine is sufficiently thought out under the condition of a long run. It turns out that instead of major repairs, the old monoblock of the engine is replaced with a new one. Given the equivalence of prices, this is a very good option. Apparently, equivalence in reality was not achieved.

Possible problems

The GAZ-560 "Steier" engine, the repair of which is not implied initially, may experience various difficulties. One of the frequent complaints - the unit is cold, it gets warm in the frost for a long time. In fact, it's just one of the features of the diesel. At idle and at low loads in the cold season, its temperature above 50 degrees does not rise. But it is worth car parrot, the cabin will also be warm, as in a car with gasoline engines.

The big plus of "Steier" is that the leading and leading channels of the fuel injectors pass through the engine block. The return very quickly heats the entire fuel system, and practically up to minus 30 degrees there are no problems with the launch of the "Steier". For more severe operating conditions it is better to insulate the engine compartment further. In severe frosts, it is necessary to carefully monitor the fuel quality, the state of the battery and pour in winter engine oil.

The turbocharger of a diesel engine also requires special treatment. Working at very high speed, the product needs a good quality oil. The better this quality, the longer the turbine will work. Hence the special rules for the operation of a turbocharged diesel engine in frosts. Do not rush to gain momentum with a cold engine. The oil should be warmed up.

Fuel injectors

From the quality of diesel fuel follows the following problem of the Austrian engine - the failure of fuel injectors. With a gradual clogging, the plunger pair begins to wear out at the nozzles . If it is difficult to start on a "hot" engine, this is the first sign that the injector is preparing to be replaced. The craftsmen deceive the engine for a while, changing the electronic settings "winter" - "summer". Some time from this is won, but the wear of the details can not be reversed, and the result is still one - replacement.

Pump-nozzle GAZ-560 "Steier" - a fairly accurate product and requires a lot of attention. There are specialized stands for testing mechanical injectors Steyr, the Swedish-made Motorpal.

Timing belt for GAZ-560 engine

Timing belt GAZ-560 "Steier" - one of the important components of the engine. A timely replacement will save you from repairing the engine when the rocker breaks. In the case of normal operation, the belt runs 120 or more thousand kilometers, but blindly trust the words of the manufacturer should not. It is better to look at the actual wear and in case of what immediately change. When replacing it is also recommended to replace the pump, which has about the same limit of walking. Often the pump crocheted even before the belt wears.

The original catalog number of the timing belt "Steyer" - 2178073/1. In addition to native Steyr, Dayco is listed among the original manufacturers. Number of teeth on the product 129 at a belt width of 35 mm (129RH350HSN). According to the forums, it is possible to replace the native belt with a narrower one - 31 mm, which is suitable for Toyota Hylux and Toyota LandCruiser.

Replacing the timing belt - a procedure that requires certain skills and a special tool. It is best to entrust this work to a specialized station. Under Russian conditions, it is often necessary to repair a car on the road. Nothing is impossible with this, although knowledge of the location of labels greatly facilitates the work. After such repairs it is desirable to still reach the professional center.

Water pump "Steyer"

The pump at the GAZ-560 car requires special attention, since in the event of failure, it entails considerable repair. Timely replacement of antifreeze significantly extends the service life of the product. Any dirt can easily jam the water pump and disable the entire gas distribution system of the engine. The replacement of the pump can be well combined with the replacement of the timing belt, if its time is suitable (120 thousand km) or there are signs of wear.

Repair by own hands

GAZ-560 "Steier" reviews are positive. With proper care, the engine goes up to 300 thousand km or more. The manufacturer does not provide for partial replacement of engine parts. If something inside the engine has broken down, the whole monoblock is being replaced. In the Russian reality everything is a little different than in Austria, where "Steier" was projected. There are specialists who collect an accurate Austrian engine. But there are, of course, one, and the line for repairs to them does not end there.

In fact, it turns out that the engine is "one-time". While it is in operation, everything is fine. And if it fails, before the replacement of the monoblock comes rarely.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to note that the attempt of the GAZ auto plant to introduce a modern diesel engine by all standards was good. Excellent performance and successful testing in severe winter conditions gave hope for a long future. In reality, many conditions were imposed that decided the fate of the Austrian Steyr.