Tractor "Belarus-1221": device, specifications, description and reviews

Agricultural works are very labor intensive and energy-consuming. To obtain the desired crop, farmers are forced to apply enormous efforts. Therefore, the question of mechanization of fieldwork today is particularly acute. One of the faithful assistants in solving many problems of modern tiller is the tractor "Belarus-1221". About him and talk more about this article.

Appointment

The agricultural machine "Belarus-1221" belongs to the second traction class and is one of the universal units designed to work together with various trailed, mounted hydraulic and semi-trailer equipment. It is the possibility of using replaceable parts and components that makes it possible to actively use a tractor in rural areas, in the construction of various facilities, in public services, in transport operations and even in industrial facilities. The testimonies show that "Belarus-1221" is able to work on any types of soils and in different climatic regions.

Positive quality machine

Special attention should be paid to such advantages of the tractor as:

• Simplicity of design.
• Excellent performance.
• High reliability.
• Uniformity of parts.
• Low cost of spare parts.
• Economical fuel consumption and lubrication.
• The ability to conduct rapid fault diagnosis and a short time to eliminate it.
• Safe use in the ambient temperature range from -40 to +40 degrees Celsius.

Place of production

"Belarus-1221" began to go off the assembly line in 1979 at a factory in Minsk. However, now the enterprise is actively developing and opened several production workshops in such Russian cities as Smolensk, Saransk, Elabuga.

Classification

"Belarus-1221" in parallel with its standard execution has two more modifications:

• MTZ 1221L is a specially created model for the forest industry. Scrupulously modified and modernized auxiliary elements enable this tractor to harvest the whips, plant the forest, load, transport and skew the timber.
• MTZ 1221B.2 differs from the standard model by the presence of a reversing control station.

Technical indicators

The tractor "Belarus-1221", the technical characteristics of which are given below, is very simple and intuitively understandable. So, among the main parameters are:

• Structural weight - 5783 kg.
• The operating weight is 6273 kg.
• The maximum permissible mass is 8000 kg.
• Dimensions - 5220 x 2300 x 2850 mm.
• The clearance between the machine and the road surface is 480 mm.
• Tires front wheels-b420 / 70R24.
• The tires of the rear wheels are 18,4R38.
• The fuel tank has a capacity of 170 liters.
• The transport speed of movement is 35 km / h.
• Working travel speed - 15 km / h.
• The brake system is disk, functioning in oil.
• The hydraulic system contains a gear pump with a working volume of 32 cm3 /
• Hydraulic system capacity - 25 liters.
• The wheel formula is 4K4.

Power section of tractor

The clutch "Belarus-1221" is made frictional, dry, two-disc, permanently closed. As for the gearbox of the machine, it is a stepped type, with the possibility of switching four gears located inside it. There are two ranges of the rear and four forward ranges. The speed adjustment process optimizes the synchronizer.

The front drive axle is made with a self-locking differential of high friction. The design of the bridge is portal type, there are planetary-conical transmissions. The drive of the bridge is integrated in the gearbox and has the form of a cylindrical gearbox and a friction-controlled clutch coupled to the driveshaft.

The control crane of the front axle operates in three modes and activates the bridge drive manually and automatically. Also, the crane disconnects the bridge and can turn it on even with the brakes on.

Motor and electrical equipment

The Belarus-1221 engine is a six-cylinder four-stroke diesel unit of the in-line type D-260.2 with a turbocharger. This engine is characterized by extremely low fuel and oil consumption and fully complies with all modern requirements for the amount of emissions of harmful substances into the surrounding atmosphere.

The motor excellently proved itself during work both with domestic materials, and with foreign. Also, the engine is endowed with a huge reserve of torque. It can be safely said that the tractor engine can confidently compete with the best imported analogues in its parameters.

The rated power of the D-260.2 is 95.6 kW or 130 horsepower. The diameters of the installed cylinders are 110 mm. The engine is also equipped with a centrifugal single-stage compressor.

The onboard electric network has a rated voltage of 12 V. The starting system operates with a voltage of 24 V. The generator outputs a power of 1000 W at a voltage of 14 V.

Transmission

It has some differences from other tractors. In particular, it includes:

• Reinforced clutch with rigid body and a pair of disks.
• Rear axle with planetary gearboxes.
• Two-speed rear shaft, equipped with a synchronous independent drive.
• The front axle is equipped with driving wheels with a wide profile, which makes it possible to increase the carrying capacity of the bridge and greatly expands the possibilities of using the tractor "Belarus-1221" in the national economy.

Hydraulic system

It is she who manages the machine with agricultural implements of hinged, semi-mounted and trailed type. In general, the tractor is equipped with a hydraulic system of one type:

• With one horizontally located autonomous power cylinder.
• With a pair of power cylinders built into the hydraulic lift , which provide adjustment of the movement of the working element.

Also, the tractor is equipped with three pairs of free taps, which are designed for maintenance of hydroficated technical devices with the help of extra-strong high-pressure hoses. In addition, if necessary, you can make a selection of working fluid for the subsequent maintenance of the normal operation of hydraulic motors connected to the tractor of other machines or units.

Cabin

The driver's workplace is notable for safety. The frame of the cabin itself is made of rigid, curved profile profiles into which tinted spherical glasses are inserted. In the roof of the cabin there is an emergency hatch and ventilation and heating system, a control system for some electrical alarm and lighting devices. The use of special sound-absorbing mastics and upholstery allows to guarantee the required level of sound insulation and moisture insulation.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the tractor "Belarus-1221", whose price can range from 5-6 to 20-25 thousand US dollars, according to its owners, fully justifies the funds invested in its purchase and can safely serve for many years, reducing Thereby, to some extent, the cost price of farmed produce. In addition, the engine of this tractor works in the least forced mode, which, of course, greatly contributes to an increase in the life of the work. This point is noted by many owners of this machine. The most wearing part in the tractor is the bearing support of the gearbox. This shortcoming also did not remain without attention.