Watering machine. Road-municipal engineering

The technical support of the municipal economy provides for a lot of road vehicles. To the seasonal technique of this kind are watering vehicles. In the summer, they save the streets from dust and dirt, thus ensuring the cleanliness of hard surfaces. In addition, road and communal machinery with irrigation function also performs and irrigation of green spaces. These and other capabilities of such machines are determined by the characteristics of the working bodies and the presence of optional devices.

General information about watering machines

There are two main types of watering vehicles. Representatives of the first category perform only irrigation tasks, thus eliminating air and road surfaces from dust. The second group consists of modifications, in which the set of devices for washing and cleaning has been expanded. It can be said, this is a watering machine, the list of tasks of which includes the care for the objects of the road infrastructure. Despite the importance of the irrigation function, this technique is not considered as a separate type. As a rule, these are universal cars, whose base allows, depending on current needs, to use this or that functional equipment.

Main characteristics

One of the key performance indicators of watering vehicles is the operational capabilities of the tank. The technical infrastructure of such a machine, which ensures the performance of operational operations, can vary, but the reservoir and its parameters, as a rule, remain the same. For example, a ZIL watering machine in the version number 130 is equipped with a tank of 6 m ³ . The presence of a multistage pump in the working structure makes it possible to maintain a stable pressure in the reservoir at a level of 25 atm.

Therefore, if necessary, water can be supplied to several consumers at once. At the same time, it will be incorrect to consider the functionality of the machine in isolation from the basic power base. The car's power in this modification is 150 liters. With. That allows you to serve a large area. A high power return from the engine requires and a capacious water tank, the load of which rests on the chassis platform. Another thing is that in terms of maneuverability, this technique is far from ideal. The same applies to fuel consumption. On 100 km of the road the machine spends about 32 liters of a fuel mix.

Technique of watering

To carry out watering, the machine and its working bodies must perform several operations, which are controlled by the driver. From the cistern water comes to the centrifugal pump, after which the filtration stage passes. Then the liquid is directed through the pipeline to the working nozzles. Otherwise, the course of the working process depends on what features the watering machine of a particular modification has. The most modern models have complex fluid distribution systems between several working sectors. For example, one part may be responsible for irrigation of the road, another part for irrigation of green plantations, and the third performs cleaning of the surface.

The main device of the watering car

As already noted, watering cars are distinguished by the presence of a tank, which contains water. Inside the tank there is also a filter, pipelines, a settler and a valve. To prevent the build-up of water in the tank, usually in the construction are used breakwaters. In addition to the basic capacity, installation of add-ons in the form of an extension is also practiced. Moreover, the modification of the Zilov car 130-P allows the addition of a second tank. An additional water tank is a trailer structure, increasing the bulk of the liquid by 5,000 liters. Such cisterns are supplied with a cork valve and a settler. Through the central valve is ensured the regulation of water supply with a certain power head. Again, to minimize the negative factors from the use of a voluminous reservoir with water, the designers of such cars use dependent suspension brackets on longitudinal springs. The front part is usually provided with double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers, and the rear part with additional springs. Such a configuration contributes to the comfortable overcoming of problematic sections of the road with unsatisfactory characteristics of the coating.

Functional elements of the machine

In addition to the metal cistern, the functional equipment may include a wide range of different nozzles, water supply hoses and brushes. The operating parts of the watering vehicle are distributed among several sections, which are interconnected by pipelines. Also, the working infrastructure includes a water pump, a central valve, a strainer and piping systems with rotary nozzles. The equipment is mounted on a truck platform with reinforced springs. The water-distributing pump of the irrigation machine provides irrigation in combination with other operations. So, some modifications are supplied with plow and brush equipment, which allows using the technique as a harvesting tool. Sometimes such models are supplemented by means of coating the coating with inert substances, which increases the efficiency of the detergent function.

Additional Functionality

Watering vehicles can also be used as fire and transport vehicles. In the first case, the equipment of the machine provides for the presence of a fire hose provided with a barrel for supplying a jet with a high head pressure. Of course, it is not necessary to speak about the full function of fire extinguishing, but as an auxiliary technique of this type, a watering machine can be considered. With the operating sleeve, all valves and valves are tightly twisted, which allows increasing the head power and the effectiveness of fighting fire. For the transport function, modifications with two tanks are usually used. On such vehicles, water is transported to service facilities remote from the communal infrastructure.

Mini Watering Machine

Smaller watering machines are characterized by a modest tank volume and corresponding coverage parameters of the working area. These models include some modifications of ZIL with a width of the irrigation area of the order of 2-2.5 m. Also, in the category of mini-watering machines, it is possible to include installations with the effect of sprinkling. They are optimally suited to care for green areas, and for cleaning road surfaces. True, the watering machine in this version has a very small volume of the tank, because of which there is a need for its frequent filling with water.

Manufacturers of watering vehicles

In Russia, most watering vehicles are represented by modifications based on the ZIL chassis. Also, vehicle fleets of communal services often have maintenance on the basis of models of the Kamsky Automobile Plant. This is a productive and powerful watering machine, which not only enables the maintenance of large-volume tanks, but also facilitates the management of working bodies. Gradually, this segment is supplemented by foreign equipment. For example, in the process of operation the Haller 9000 model shows itself well, which is provided by a volumetric reservoir and provides the user with ample opportunities for optional equipment.

Conclusion

Despite the high responsibility of the functions that fall on watering vehicles, their design features are fairly simple and even elementary. A traditional machine of this type provides only the presence of a cistern and working elements that provide irrigation with water. Nevertheless, the watering machine is being improved both in terms of increasing the functionality, and in terms of power supply. This allows you to facilitate the tasks of the driver and, at the same time, improve the efficiency of achieving the main objectives. On the other hand, the increase in power enables the maintenance personnel to work with large volumes of water and, consequently, to save time on re-filling the reservoir. In process of complication of working bodies the functional spectrum of application of technics extends also. Modern watering vehicles are able not only to irrigate green spaces and remove road surfaces, but also provide transportation activities, assist in extinguishing fires, etc.