Engine YMZ-238: specifications. Diesel engines for heavy vehicles

Diesel engines in the modern world are installed on trucks, tractors, agricultural vehicles and tractors. The domestic analogue of reliable foreign engines is YaMZ-238. It is installed on such well-known equipment as MAZ, KRAZ, KAMAZ, ZIL, DON, K-700 and other transport. Of course, initially the motor was intended for the products of the Minsk Automobile Plant. But over time proved that the YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics are high, is the best diesel engine of the USSR and the post-Soviet space, and can bravely compete with such well-known brands as MAN and DAP.

General information

YaMZ-238 replaced the outdated motors YaAZ-204 and YaAZ 206. It was developed in the 50 years by the legendary Soviet designer Chernyshev GD, who was also the author of YaMZ-236.

This engine has gained its popularity due to its reliability and compatibility with many cars and tractors. It's been 65 years since the first engine was created, and the popularity of these engines has only increased. The simplicity of operation, repair and maintenance made the YMZ-238 an indispensable assistant to many agricultural and construction companies that use this motor in their cars.

Of course, for many years of development and implementation of new technologies this engine has received many modifications, but the basic structure has not changed, only adjustments to the overall design have been made.

Specifications

Let's consider, the engine YMZ-238, technical characteristics of the motor.

The engine has a V configuration of 8 cylinders, which are arranged in 2 rows. 16 valves ensure perfect injection and exhaust. As on the 236th, the stroke of the piston is 140 mm, the cylinder is 130 mm in diameter. The liquid engine cooling system YAMZ-238 provides maximum effect and does not allow the motor to overheat.

The working volume is 14.866 liters, and the power, depending on the modification, can be 235-420 horsepower. Engine YMZ-238, the technical characteristics of which allow in some cases to develop power up to 500 horsepower, is installed not only on the recommended equipment, but also on cars with other design data. Also on new versions turbo-supercharging is used, which gives even more confidence and traction during operation.

Device

ТНВД ЯМЗ-238 is a fuel pump, which can be called a fuel station. It is located in the collapse of the power unit and delivers fuel to each cylinder separately, and the injection is made directly.

The engine has two head blocks, which are made of cast iron. The distributing shaft is steel, manufactured by the technology of punching. The main power unit is made of cast iron, and the crankshaft is manufactured from the baked blank by the grinding method.

The injection system is built in such a way that the injection pump YMZ-238 under pressure delivers fuel to the injectors, which make the injection. The fuel equipment on this engine is considered one of the most perfect in the world. The type of this system is plunger, it has a centrifugal clutch, which is itself adjustable.

The pistons are cast out of high-strength aluminum, which allows you not to break under heavy loads. Each of them has 1 oil-removal ring and 3 compression ones.

The YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics and design is reliable and simple, has a service life of 800 thousand km, and with proper maintenance it is possible to reach 1 million km.

Installation on other cars

Engine YAMZ-238, the technical characteristics of which are high, can be installed on other cars. So, the cargo, construction and agricultural machinery were altered. For example, KAMAZ engine with YaMZ-238 engine proved very good, which allowed to reduce fuel consumption, in contrast to the original Kama engine.

Of course, many cars had to redesign the fastening elements of the power unit, install another gearbox, but all this was justified during operation and repair.

Repairs

Repair of the engine YMZ-238 is carried out quite easily, if you give it to specialists in this field. The main problem remains the search for spare parts, but many manufacturers give the opportunity to choose from a wide range. With the onset of the crisis, pricing policy has grown, but less than for foreign-made engines.

Let's consider, what spare parts change more often at fulfillment of major repairs to which the engine JAMZ-238 is exposed. Technical characteristics in this case also play a very important role, since there are several generations of the motor, and therefore there is some dissimilarity. So, we list the list of spare parts:

1. Epiploons of a cranked and distributive shaft.
2. Bearing to / shaft.
3. Gilzakomplekty (piston, finger, sleeve, rings).
4. Bushings of rods.
5. The valves are exhaust and inlet.
6. Saddles of valves.
7. Guide bushings.
8. Omentums of valves.
9. Root inserts and connecting rods.
10. Filters.
11. Butter.
12. Gasket set.
13. And other small details.

During repairs, the cylinder block and crankshaft are usually bent for repair dimensions, and the cylinder head grinders are ground. The average cost of overhaul YaMZ-238 is about 80000-100000 rubles, depending on the region and selected spare parts. It's cheaper than buying a new engine.

Service

Serving the engine YMZ-238 (whose technical characteristics have high results) is quite easy and simple. So, regular replacement of oil and filters will allow not only to develop a full working resource, but in some cases to surpass it. Let's consider, that it is necessary to change at regular THAT:

• Oil in a volume of 25 liters. That is how much is poured into this motor. By the way, this diesel engine is ideally suited for such lubricating fluids as M10G2K and M10DM.
• The oil filter. Depending on the design and modification, it can be of different sizes and types.
• Fuel filters, which need to be replaced, as the quality of domestic fuel leaves much to be desired.
• Repair kits for coarse and fine fuel cleaning.

In some cases, it is necessary to read the injectors and the high-pressure fuel pump.