Scheme of the water-heated floor. Scheme of laying and connecting the water-heated floor

In this article we will talk about the draft of the water floor. Here answers will be given to questions about why it is needed, and how to properly implement it. The scheme of the water-heated floor is also detailed.

Features of drafting

In some cases, its availability is desirable, but in others it is mandatory. It is better that it should be if the warm floor is an auxiliary (that is, not a basic) system. It is also desirable to make a project when it occupies a small area (up to 20 sq. M.). If this floor is the main heating system (or auxiliary), but affects a larger space, then drawing up the scheme is a prerequisite.

What is it all about?

When installing a system of such a floor in a new building, as well as in some other cases, official commissioning is required. If the project is not compiled, then you can get a refusal. Therefore, it is recommended to take care of it in advance. Otherwise, all the same it is necessary to be engaged in drawing up of the project, only already "backdating". If it is a question of installing a system of water-heated floor with the hiring of professional builders, then it is best to resort to registration of the contract. It is based on the project. The latter is an obligatory part of the contract.

Price policy

If there is no project, the cost and timing of the work in any case is significantly increased. The point is that in such a situation the process of installation or construction will be unorganized. According to the calculations of specialists, the purchase of the system and its installation requires up to 60 euros per 1 sq. Km. M. Based on this, the house has a floor heating area of up to 100 square meters. M., Will have to spend up to 6 thousand euros. Thus, the installation of the system and the price of the equipment are commensurate with the cost of the structure itself. In this case, you have to start saving. This applies to the work, equipment and materials. Reduce the cost of the latter is possible. This requires accurate technical calculation. The scheme of the water-heated floor is already compiled on its basis. Due to this, unjustified overestimation of heating power is eliminated. In addition, guaranteed to ensure comfortable conditions in the house. The layout of the water-heated floor allows you to take into account all the important details, as well as save on purchasing the necessary equipment.

Features of technical calculation

As practice shows, the scheme of a water-heated floor by own hands is made up rarely. A certain knowledge is required for design. In addition, you need to have an idea about the properties of different materials, the principle of the heating system, as well as the norms and installation rules. The scheme of the device of warm water floors must contain a technical calculation. His execution is the responsibility of the designer. In order for the heat to be calculated at home, the following information should be provided to specialists:

1. Information about the PJO rooms (the type of coverage and the place of furniture installation is indicated).
2. Location of bends and risers inside the structure.
3. Information about the necessary temperature in the premises.
4. Information about the material of the external walls (here also the type of doors and windows is indicated).
5. The location of the boiler and its height above the floor.
6. Floor plan of the house (the sizes of external walls, doors and windows are specified).

The scheme of laying warm water floors is carried out on the basis of technical calculation.

Important information

The scheme of laying warm water floors includes very many elements. It is worth paying attention to the fact that important points are not missed by the designers and were agreed with the owners of the house.

Breakdown of the room into fields

The process of dividing into parcels is a very important point. If you ignore it, then most likely, the screed will break down. It depends on its temperature expansion. The division into fields occurs just for its compensation. The number of obtained sections depends on the geometry and area of the room. In this case, the maximum area of the generated field is not more than 40 square kilometers. M.

Compensating seams

They are provided for the boundaries of the fields, which are obtained after the breakdown of the premises. This is done so that the screed does not crack. In fact, the compensation joints are peculiar gaps. They can be filled with a damper tape, polyethylene foam or EPS. In order to carry out the laying of the pipe through the expansion joint, it is placed in a protective rigid casing. The latter is a corrugated tube, the length of which is up to 500 mm. It should be noted that only the return or feed line of the circuit can pass through the compensation seam.

Installation technology

It is necessary to coordinate this moment with the designer without fail. The choice of materials used for laying pipes will depend on the chosen method. Currently, the two most common technologies for installing a warm floor are "dry" and "wet." The choice of the top finishing coating depends on the required heating temperature of the pipes. For example, the maximum parameters allowed by the manufacturer are 25 degrees. The indicated floor heating temperature may not be sufficient. In some cases, a change in the upper decorative coating is required. A wall-mounted heating system can be installed.

What should happen after the design is completed?

It is assumed that the hands of the owner will have a floor plan for the heating system. Information on all components of the system should be clearly shown on it:

1. Automation settings.
2. Pipe placement (the length and diameter of the sections are indicated).
3. Information about the required capacity, concerning each room (floor or radiator heating).
4. Placement and dimensions of radiators.
5. Complete scheme of pipe laying (the diameter and length of each circuit of the system, the temperature of the coolant, the step of the location of such a warm floor is indicated).

The complete scheme of the water-heated floor must be reflected in the drawing. It also indicates the thickness of the concrete screed. The owner should be given all information about the specifics of materials and equipment, with the use of which will be installed a water-heated floor. The installation scheme will avoid mistakes in the process of the work itself.

Necessary tools and materials

In accordance with the information, which contains the technical plan and the scheme for connecting the water-heated floor, before starting work it is necessary to prepare:

1. Distributor with flowmeters.
2. Manifold cabinet.
3. Plasticizer (added to concrete, designed for floor pouring).
4. Pipe mounts.
5. A full set of tools for expansion joints.
6. Strips of EPPs or damper tape.
7. Thermal insulation material.
8. Special pipes that are designed for floor heating configurations (must be oxygen-proof, resistant to temperature and pressure).

The main plan should also include a collector circuit for the warm water floor.

Additional questions

At the design stage, you need to know the following:

1. Variations of finishing coatings.
2. Variations of pipe laying schemes.
3. Fluids for the system.

During the installation process, it will be too late to determine this. It is better to take care of this in advance at the initial design stage.

Warm floors water: wiring diagrams

The distribution of pipes on the base can be carried out in different ways. Currently, use two options: a spiral and a snake. Any other scheme of the device of warm water floors is a variation of one of the above.

Snake

This laying is suitable for most rooms that have medium or small area. It should be noted that the initial segment of the pipe will have the highest temperature. For this reason, the laying should begin from the side of the wall, which has the greatest heat loss. This area is called the boundary or edge zone. Here, the stacking step is reduced in order to be able to compensate for the heat losses. Most often, the distance between the pipes does not exceed 300 mm. The fact is that at a greater step, a "temperature zebra" can form. In the edge zone, the distance decreases to 200 mm. It is permissible if it is even smaller. In this case, an important role is played by the minimum bending radius of the pipe. A serpentine contour is characterized by an uneven distribution of heat. To get rid of this, it is necessary to make a double styling.

Spiral

This scheme of the water-heated floor assumes a parallel arrangement of the feed and return sections of the pipe. Due to this, the temperature reduction is compensated. The spiral is excellent for rooms with high consumption or large area. This scheme of connecting a warm water floor is recommended when the step is less than 200 mm. The reason lies in the limitation of the minimum bending radius of the structure.

Features of edge zones

It must be remembered that here the laying of the loops is reduced. This is done to compensate for the loss of heat. There are only two types of such zones: separate and integrated. The latter is included in one loop. Its formation is due to a reduction in the pitch of the paving at the outer walls. In this case, the distance should be increased in the zone of stay. The boundary region is formed using a separate loop. If the length of the latter is more than 100 m, several similar elements will be needed to heat this section. In the presence of a boundary zone, this option is the most relevant. This is due to significant hydraulic losses in the loop, if the length of the loop exceeds 100 m.

Upper Finish Information

This is a very important participant in the heat transfer of the entire floor system. The coating material must be selected very carefully. It is worth paying attention to its thermal resistance. It is recommended to use the following:

1. Laminate.
2. Linoleum.
3. A wooden board (the recommended thickness is up to 15 mm, this is due to the low thermal conductivity of this material).
4. Parquet.
5. Ceramic tiles (recommended thickness - up to 30 mm.).

Features of wooden cover

In this case, a large number of questions can arise. Wood is a hygroscopic material. In most cases, the coating slightly reduces the relative humidity of the air directly above the floor. This is due to the fact that the temperature of the latter increases. For the relative humidity, "self-leveling" is unusual. If there is an increase in temperature in a particular zone, it will necessarily decrease. For Canadian underfloor heating, you can not use Canadian maple. This also applies to beech. With changes in relative humidity, the geometric dimensions of these varieties of wood greatly "jump". All the rest can be used in systems of water-heated floor. Recommended air temperature when laying a wooden cover - +20 degrees. At the same time, the relative humidity of air should be in the following range: 30% -60%. The use of any type of coating implies an obligatory temperature limitation, which is supplied to the coolant systems. As a rule, all recommendations are in the attached manufacturer's instructions. The scheme of a water-heated floor with a thermostat presupposes the installation of equipment to maintain a constant temperature in the system.

Information on liquids

Distilled or plain water, as well as antifreeze, can be poured into the system of the water-heated floor. The latter is best used when there is irregular heating of the room during cold periods. This should be reflected in advance in the design of the system.

Where is it best to use?

As a rule, the scheme of a water-heated floor in a private house is used. When installing the system in limited areas of premises (bedroom, kitchen, bathroom), it is easiest to use electrical variation. This is due to the fact that in a small space the pipes are more difficult to locate than the cable. In the event that such a heating system becomes the main one, it is best to use the water type of the structure. It is worth noting that in a high-rise building with centralized heating it is forbidden to use a water-heated floor. The scheme of the system from a separate circuit is compulsorily agreed with the relevant authorities.

Layered construction

The scheme of the device of warm water floors is approximately the following:

1. Thermal insulation (using EPS or polystyrene foam).
2. Waterproofing coating or okleechnaya.
3. The main plate.

additional information

In a particular case, a calculation of the thickness of the thermal insulation, which will have a water-heated floor, is required. The schema should contain this information. As for roll insulation, which has an aluminum surface, it is recommended to use variations with the content of lavsan. Thanks to it, the interaction of the concrete screed and aluminum will not occur. It is also worth noting that pipes can be laid directly on EPS or EPS. Thus, the intermediate layer is skipped. It is necessary to pay attention to the pipes of the water-heated floor and the concrete screed with the addition of a plasticizer. It is assumed that there is a reinforced mesh with cells. The recommended wire diameter is up to 4 mm. The thickness of the screed of a similar floor (taking into account the presence of pipes) is up to 10 cm. There are certain recommendations for the use of a plasticizer. It is believed that if you add it to the screed, you can make it so that its thickness is 3 cm, and its reinforcement is optional. This opinion is not true. The use of plasticizer does not eliminate the need to reinforce the screed. At the same time, its minimum thickness should reach 5 cm. In case of using a plasticizer, it is put into the mixture in strict accordance with the attached instructions. Its excessive amount will lead to a "burnout" of the system. Thus, cracks may appear. The reinforcing mesh must necessarily be located above the pipes. This will evenly distribute the operating load. Currently, one can often meet the recommendations that the mesh can supposedly be located directly above the pipes. However, in this case, it is not possible to fulfill its constructive role. The fact is that it is convenient to fasten pipes to the grid. This is done with plastic clips. So, we can conclude that the presence of a grid under the pipes does not cancel the need for its location directly above them. As for the floor finishing, this material necessarily has a marking about the possibility of its use in a floor heating device.