Proposals with references: description, punctuation, notes

In addition to the members of the sentence , components that do not enter into a syntactic connection with other words can be included in the composition of grammatically organized compounds. Such, for example, are sentences with appeals. An appeal is a word or a few words that refer to the person to whom the speech is directed. As a rule, this is a noun in the nominative case, often a proper name (single or with dependent words).

"Did you, Hope, visit that very sensational gallery in Moscow?"

"Our affairs, dear friends, are not the best way!"

Other parts of speech performing noun functions (adjectives, participles, numerals, etc.) can act as an appeal.

"This, my dear, does not climb in any way!"

"Hey, you two! Quickly leave this yard! "

A sentence with an appeal may contain it at the beginning, middle or end. The treatment is always allocated with commas, and at the end of the sentence, the sign that is most appropriate in meaning is put.

"Anna, feel at home!"; "You, dearest, obviously do not yet know the consequences of your action?"; "Would you like to rest before the road, Gleb Borisovich?"

Proposals with treatment and subject in the nominative

In order not to confuse treatment with the subject and to prevent a punctuation error, it must be remembered that:

1. Appeal does not have a syntactic connection with the other members of the proposal, therefore, one can not raise the question from it;
2. If the noun is a subject, then the predicate has the form of a third person, and if the conversion is the second;
3. Treatment has a special expressive color.

Suggestions with references - punctuation

Despite the external simplicity in the design, there are several rules that need to be remembered. Note that the same word can act as different members of the sentence (depending on the context). Appeals are highlighted along with all the dependent words.

"You, my beloved brothers, can now drop all doubts from now on!"

Multiple requests in a row are separated by commas or exclamation marks.

"Anna! My dear, what are you doing here at this late hour? "

Between the appeals, united by the unions "and" or "yes", a comma is not put.

"How are you, Daria and Mary?"

If the union "and" is repeated for homogeneous appeals, then the first of them is not put a sign.

"Immediately return home after school and Anton, and Maxim!"

The particle "o" inside the sentence with references is not separated from it by any signs. However, if "o" is an interjection and has the meaning "ah", it is separated from the treatment by a sign (comma or exclamation mark).

"O white nights, how beautiful you are!"

"Oh, Vassily Petrovich, what morals are these today?"

If before the repeated treatment there are particles "a" or "yes", they do not get rid of it with a comma.

"A cat, a cat!"

Proposals with references - note

Usually the personal pronouns "you" and "you" play the role of the subject, although sometimes they can act as references, both in themselves and in the composition of word combinations.

"How did you end up in this forgotten place, brother?"

"Could I at least be a little angry, my dear?"