ComputersNetworks

How to squeeze the network cable correctly

If suddenly there was a question about the organization of a home network or simply connecting a computer to a router, modem or other device, and there is no possibility to call a master, do not get upset. In computer stores you can freely buy ready-made cables (patch cords) with various types of connectors already connected. In the event that there is no such store nearby, or if you need to lay the cable in places where the connectors do not pass, you will have to crimp the cable yourself.

To do this, you need elementary knowledge of electronics, as well as a certain type of cable, connectors, tools in the form of ticks for crimping, tester, screwdriver and knife. But before proceeding with the installation, let's try to figure out what is intended, how it works, how to squeeze the network cable with your own hands.

Cable

In standard local networks, it is customary to use a conductor called "twisted pair". He owes his name to an internal device consisting of two, four or eight insulated copper or aluminum strands intertwined in pairs and enclosed in an external polyvinylchloride insulation. The shell of each wiring is made in different colors for easy connection. There are two kinds of such cables: shielded by the surrounding layer of foil (FTP) and unshielded (UTP).

To use home network setup FTP-conductor is inexpedient, since the screen is designed to protect against strong electromagnetic interference, as well as for a working cable length of more than 100 meters. So, a cheaper and more common variant in the form of a UTP cable, sold in any computer equipment store or on the market, is quite suitable. Any "twisted pair" is divided into several categories depending on the number of veins, bandwidth and destination. The cable is marked with a combination of letters and numbers: from CAT-1 to CAT-7. The most common conductor for the equipment of local networks is CAT-5 or its modification CAT5e. It consists of four pairs of multi-colored cores and provides data transfer up to 100 Mbps at a frequency of 100 MHz.

Connectors

All modern computer equipment, intended for wide use, for network connections has standard standard connectors for a plug labeled 8P8C. Sometimes such connector is called RJ-45 for some reason. But no matter how they are called, they have one purpose - to connect the "twisted pair" with any device. These plugs, as well as the cable, can be shielded or not. Connector is a plastic head with eight cut in it grooves for laying the veins of the conductor. At the end of these slots are mounted movable contacts, which clamp the wires. When installing, it is very important to number the grooves. If the connector is located with the contacts facing up and to itself with a latch, the left will be the first, and on the right - the eighth contact.

Crimping circuit of the network cable

There are two variants of the location of veins of the "twisted pair" in the connectors:

  • EIA / TIA-568A.
  • EIA / TIA-568B.

The first provides such a sequence (from the left to the right):

  1. White-green.
  2. Green.
  3. White-orange.
  4. Blue.
  5. White-blue.
  6. Orange.
  7. White-brown.
  8. Brown.

In the second scheme, the wires are arranged like this:

  1. White-orange.
  2. Orange.
  3. White-green.
  4. Blue.
  5. White-blue.
  6. Green.
  7. White-brown.
  8. Brown.

Connection types

The EIA / TIA-568A version is used to crimp a network cable that will be connected one end to the computer, and the other to one of the switching devices (router, SVCH, modem, etc.). This kind of connection is called direct. But there is another - cross or cross. It is used to connect two computers directly. Direct crimping of the network cable provides for fastening the connectors according to the EIA / TIA-568A scheme at both ends. This is the most common type of connection, since usually there are more than two computers connected via SWIC or other types of switches in local networks. If nevertheless there was a need to connect two machines among themselves, then a cross connection is used. In order to compress the computer-to-computer network cable, one end of the cable should be connected to the connector using EIA / TIA-568A technology and the other end to EIA / TIA-568B. For a direct connection, not all 8 cores can be used, but only 4, but the data transfer rate will decrease by a factor of 10. With a cross connection, all 8 cores are used.

Cable preparation

Before crimping, the conductor should be stripped from the insulation. You can cut a cable with a conventional knife, but how well this is done will depend on the performance of our patch cord and the quality of the data transmission. External insulation is cut off at a distance of 20-25 mm from the end. It is important not to damage the insulation of the veins, which can lead to their closure in the future. After the isolation is removed, it is necessary to unscrew all pairs and straighten them in the order EIA / TIA-568A or EIA / TIA-568B, depending on the type of connection required.

How to crimp a network cable with a crimper

Masters use special pliers (crimpers) to crimp the cable. If at home there is no such tool, you can buy it at any store where you sell radio parts. The cost of the most simple crimper is about 200 rubles. Before you compress the network cable, you need to make sure that the wires do not intersect each other.

Next, insert them into the grooves of the connector until it stops and fix it. Visually, you should make sure that all the wiring has rested against the front wall of the plug head, none of them accidentally fell into the "wrong track", and that the crimping circuit is not broken. After that, the connector is placed in a special working slot of the crimper, made in the shape and size of the connector, and clamped to the stop. This operation is done with the other end of the future patch cord. You can check the correctness of the connection by the LAN-tester, and in the absence of such - simply by connecting the computer to the desired device through a compressed network cable.

Crimped cable without crimper

If nevertheless there were no special ticks, and there is no possibility to buy them, there is an option how to squeeze the network cable manually. Good vision and a thin screwdriver or a knife are useful here. Stripping the "twisted pair" from the outer insulation and spreading its veins in the desired order, we place them in the connector and again fix them with your fingers. The plug must be facing upwards.

While resting the bottom of the connector in a table or other horizontal surface, it is necessary to move them one by one with a screwdriver or knife one stop down. In this case, the prongs of the contacts will cut the insulation of the wiring and fix them in the lower position. Buying connectors and planning to compress them manually, it is better to take a few extra ones, because the first time it can not work out, and you will again have to run to the store.

Common Errors

When the cable is crimped, there are often situations where everything seems to be done correctly, but there is no connection. In this case, it is necessary to verify the layout of the veins and to recheck it for compliance with the type of connection.

If everything is correct, you need to make sure that all the wiring is securely connected to the connector's connectors. It is also possible that the upper insulation is too clipped, and the patch cord wires, twisting, can become closed or, conversely, move away from the contact. In such cases, the cable should be cut off and the crimped again.

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