How to determine the case of pronouns. Changing personal pronouns by case

A pronoun is one of the most important parts of speech in the Russian language. In its properties, it is very close to the noun, which is mainly used to replace it, but at the same time, it is really stupid to limit the task of the pronoun with this function alone. A pronoun refers to a person without naming it specifically, it serves to link sentences in the text, and in some cases even to strengthen certain utterances. Multifaceted, is not it? That is why the case of pronouns in sentences is so important - one can not carelessly treat such a multifunctional element.

Theoretical introduction

Of course, the case of pronouns, or rather, their declension, obeys almost the same rules as nouns (it has already been said that these two parts of speech have a lot in common). For pronouns, the presence of the same six cases (nominative, genitive, accusative, dative, instrumental and prepositional) is characteristic of the pronouns as for the noun.

By the way, when pronouns stand in all cases except nominative, it can be said that pronouns in indirect cases. Of course, the features of declination depend on the rank of the pronoun as well. Some of them, in principle, do not change, in certain categories, changes concern only certain individual pronouns. That's it with this and we will understand. "Case of pronouns" is the table with which we begin.

Personal pronouns

We begin with the basis of the foundations: changing personal pronouns by case. Personal pronouns include all known I, you, he / she / it, we, you, they . All of them tend to cases - just substitute the necessary question and get the form that we need.

"The case of pronouns" - a table relating only to the category of personal pronouns.

As can be seen from the table, in the indirect cases mentioned earlier, the third person pronouns, irrespective of the number, receive an additional consonant "n". More fortunately, no special features are observed: the case of personal pronouns is not anything complicated, right?

The return pronoun

Go ahead. This category includes one single pronoun of itself , which has neither a number nor a gender, but still retains the same form in all cases. Here, try to decline it - and you will be convinced of this.

Possessive pronouns

The next category is related to pronouns that express an entity's belonging to someone. This includes mine, yours, his / her, our, yours, them . The forms of pronouns of this category are presented in the following table:

From the table it is seen that in the third person possessive pronouns do not change at all, whereas in the first and second it is just necessary to replace a couple of letters at the beginning - the endings coincide.

Incidentally, one of the most common mistakes in modern Russian is connected with this category. Some people invent such a pronoun as "theirs", and then they also try to incline it. So, be sure to remember that in the third person in the plural there never was such a pronoun! They, them and only them!

Interrogative and relative pronouns

This category serves to ask a question. And here the first difficulties begin. Pronouns which ?, whose ?, which? Have both gender, and number, and case. For pronouns, who ?, what ?, how many? Characteristic is the presence of only case, the other categories are alien to him. And the only pronoun that completely breaks the system- what is it ?: it does not have a case, but it varies by birth and by numbers.

All the same can be said about relative pronouns. By and large, relative pronouns are the same interrogative, but without the sign of the question at the end of the sentence.

It should also be noted that in the pronoun as in declension, stress is retained on the first, and not on the last syllable, as most people think.

Negative and Indefinite Pronouns

The change of pronouns by cases continues to be studied with a new category, where there are also certain nuances. The genus, the number and the case have only no one , no one, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing changes at all solely from the last sign, not possessing the others.

The forms of negative pronouns entirely coincide with interrogative-negative ones, with the only refinement - adding a prefix no / not .

The same can be said about indefinite pronouns. We take the relative pronoun, add postfixes to it- then, either, and we get a new kind of pronouns: some, something . Forms with declination remain the same, which undoubtedly greatly simplifies the work with this type of pronouns. In certain cases, you can add and attachments not / some : some, something .

Definitive pronouns

We are getting closer and closer to the end. In the queue is a new category, all of whose pronouns have gender, number and case. This includes itself, most, all, every, every, any, other, different, whole, all . Volumetric, of course, but it's not difficult. We bow further!

As can be seen from the table, the conjugation of pronouns is the same, the most and every, every one almost coincides, but one should not rely heavily on memorizing the forms of pronouns in different cases, it is much easier to just figure out the rule, and then not have any difficulties.

The demonstrative pronouns

The last of the categories again pleases us with nuances. The pronouns this, that-that, such-and-such have a number and case, so much -only the case, but by analogy with what , absolutely does not want to change by case, remaining in a single form .

Again, the similarity of the forms of pronouns is this one . The case of pronoun pronouns, as you can see, is quite elementary, where there's really nothing to remember.

Nuances, where without them

Of course, there are some features of declination pronouns. For example, attentive people have long noticed that the case of pronouns is very close to the case of adjectives: the endings are absolutely identical. The only exceptions to this rule are the whole, myself: in this situation you will still have to think a little.

Continuing the theme of the pronoun whole, it should be noted that it is the only one where there is a cursory vowel: all-all-everything, and so on - the root "e" simply falls out, not appearing afterwards in any of the cases.

Moreover, some of the pronouns have so-called archaic forms: every -everything. They are considered to be concise. And the pronoun itself in the feminine gender in the accusative case ( itself ) is actually considered a colloquial form, whereas the literary language would like to use the variant itself (by analogy they say also about tu-tyo - from the pronoun ta ). Still researchers define the form most , with an accent on the penultimate letter, but it is considered already little-used and almost forgotten.