Hungarian. Hungarian for Beginners

Hungarian language can be called a puzzle, not for nothing, and Rubik's cube was invented in Hungary. Still, many Russians decide to storm this complex system: some want to go to university, others want to get citizenship, some simply believe that the knowledge of an additional language will be useful to them. Also, Russian citizens often come to Hungary on vacation, in this case, the skills of the Hungarian will also come in handy - in the country even English is not owned by everyone, but only by youth, elderly people communicate, as a rule, only in their native language.

About the origin

It is necessary to warn at once: studying the Hungarian language is not an easy matter. Formally, he belongs to the Finno-Ugric group, but in fact with Estonian and Finnish has little in common. Until the nineteenth century, it was questioned whether the Hungarian language belonged to this group. He is closest to the dialect of Mansi and Khanty: Hungarians brought their speech from Siberia to Eastern Europe, having managed, despite the influence of the Slavic and Turkic languages, to retain to a large extent its main features.

Features

Hungarian for beginners polyglots may seem overwhelmingly difficult - it presents many surprises. A unique phonetics, forty letters in the alphabet, as many as fourteen vowel sounds, each of which is denoted by a single letter: a [ɒ], á [a:], e [ɛ], é [e:], i [i], i [i :], O [o], [[o:], ö [ø], ő [ø:], u [u], ú [u:], ü [y] and ű [y:]. The first letter of the alphabet - a - is to be pronounced as something between the Russian "o" and "a": the lower part of the jaw is lowered, the lips are rounded, the tip of the tongue is pulled back. Yes, what can I say, even if the suffix way of forming words complements a whole twenty-three cases, when there are only six in the Russian language.

Phonetics

Of course, the complexity and complexity of the shortened vowels "ü", "ű", "ö", "ő" is here the complexity. It should be remembered that these are completely different letters, and an error with longitude, like in any language, can distort the meaning of the word. It is quite difficult for foreigners to understand the Hungarians at first, and this is noted by the Hungarians themselves, because often the whole replica sounds like an obscure single word, although in fact it is a whole sentence. But the Hungarian language has no diphthongs.

Grammar

No matter how complicated the grammatical system, it lacks some elements inherent in other languages, for example, there is no category of a grammatical genus, only two times: the present and the past, and for the future apply the verb of the present time of the perfect kind or the construction with the participation of the auxiliary verb fog . All this greatly facilitates the lessons of the Hungarian language for foreign students.

Artikli and conjugations

A major role in the language is played by articles: vague and definite, and even the category of uncertainty and certainty as a whole. It is inextricably linked with the conjugations of verbs, which are wholly dependent on the noun - object. If this object is mentioned for the first time, then the object-free conjugation of the verb and the indefinite article are used. For example: "Dad bought a ball (some)". In the same sentence, "Dad bought a great ball (the same one)", the object conjugation of the verb and the definite article will already be used.

If there is no object, both conjugations can be used, but it matters whether there is a direct addition to the verb. So, it does not have the words "sit", "walk", "stand", "go", so here can only be an objectless conjugation.

Case endings

All that in the Russian language belongs to the category of prepositions, in Hungarian it stands for case endings added to the word. However, the authors of the textbooks can not agree on how many of them there are: in some textbooks it is indicated that twenty-three, in others there is another figure-nineteen. And the fact is that the endings used to denote the circumstances of time and place in Hungarian are considered case-based. Also there are rare cases, for example, the distribution used to express the repetition of the action in time: "every day", "annually."

Reading words

The Hungarian language is rich in long words. For example, megszentségteleníthetetlen (25 letters) translates as: "something that can not be contaminated". To properly read them, you should divide them into roots or syllables. In this case, in such structural linguistic units, a secondary (secondary) stress necessarily falls on the odd syllables. It is worth noting that, for example, the fifth syllable stress will be stronger than the third.

How to learn Hungarian?

To comprehend any language is a difficult task. First of all, it should be understood that this is a painstaking work, and this should be treated in this way. Now there are many language courses, which promise that you will master a new language in just a couple of months of classes, however, as you probably understand, it's only marketing and nothing more. Do not neglect the "grandfather" ways of mastering the language: comprehend the vocabulary, systematically study grammar, learn elementary constructions, listen to Hungarian songs, watch films with subtitles - this is the basis from which you need to build on.

Tutorials to help

Various teaching aids and self-help tools can help in learning the language. So, good reviews have a textbook by K. Wavra - it is old enough and, of course, not perfect, but conceptually true built. It will be great if you also find a language course for this manual. Then you will have a complete set of tools for learning the Hungarian language. Undoubtedly, it will not be easy to practice without a teacher only on teaching aids. Especially it concerns grammar. Perhaps, you may have to guess at something yourself or look for information in other books, but believe me, such a "research work" will only benefit you. Another good assistant in the study of the language is the training course of Rubin Aaron.

Learning words

Many people who have undertaken to learn Hungarian, very quickly come to the conclusion that this is a useless occupation. They are not that they can not remember words, but even just to pronounce them it turns out to be beyond their power. But the main thing in this business is desire and perseverance. In time, you will learn to speak not only in separate words, but also in sentences. The following method gives an absolutely real effect. Read a group of words on the voice recorder of your mobile phone, and then listen to the received record at least ten times in the headphones. You can also do with audio recorded by native speakers. Your goal is to achieve an understanding of the meaning of the spoken text without a mental translation of it into Russian. Do not doubt, this system really works! The main thing is to believe in oneself and work continuously. Breaks in this business are simply disastrous - it is better to devote every day to classes for half an hour than to not engage in a week, and then try to master everything entirely and immediately.

These basic postulates, of course, concern not only the study of Hungarian, but also of any other language. And do not forget that the approach to learning should be systematic. Phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and so on should be gradually phased. Some are limited to cramming individual words. It is not right. Knowing only that, for example, the word "hello" in Hungarian sounds like "jó nap", and "thank you" - "kösz" and so on, is unlikely to give you the opportunity to fully communicate with native speakers and understand them. Good luck!