Parts of speech: general morphological signs of significant and auxiliary words.

Each word in Russian refers to any part of speech. All of them are grouped according to certain morphological features and common grammatical meanings. By grammatical meaning we mean a generalized characteristic of a word, which is only indirectly related to its lexical interpretation. For example, all nouns are similar in that they have the meaning of objectness, and numerals denote the number or order in the count.

Identify independent (they are otherwise called significant) and service parts of speech.
Significant, in contrast to official, there is, in addition to the generalized meaning, its own lexical.
Simply put, the meaning of such a lexical unit is usually understandable outside the sentence. Even if we are talking about homonyms or polysemantic lexical units, a certain image appears in the mind of the reader who read or heard the significant word.

Independent parts of speech are called such as nouns and adjectives, as well as pronouns and, of course, numerals. They are joined by verbs (participles, gerunds) and adverbs, and some scientists add to this category the category of state.

Service words are semantically dependent, their task is to express the relationship between words in sentences and phrases. These include alliances, particles and prepositions.

At the lessons of the Russian language, as well as in the testing works, the students make a morphological analysis of all parts of speech. To properly perform these tasks, you need to know both the generalized meaning of each group of words, and a number of permanent (necessarily present) and non-permanent features.

Consider their common morphological features.

Nominal parts of speech and the sacrament, for example, are inclined, that is, they are subject to a case of word-change. Also for them are the categories of gender and numbers:

The majority of people (n. 2 slopes in Rn, pl.) Prefer to take a vacation in the first (number of ordinal, in Pn, mr, singular) month of summer.

All verbs refer to one of the conjugations. The constant signs of the words denoting the action are the appearance and transitivity. Inclination, time, gender, face and number of verbs are not always, but only in some forms. For example, a person can not be determined in the past tense, and the time category itself is only in the indicative mood :

Began (verb sov.v., rev., Nepereh., 1 c., In the indicative mood, prod.drev., Un.ch., zh.r.) Thunderstorm.

Adverb and adverb part do not change at all. Adverb has a value by value and, if formed from a qualitative adjective, the degree of comparison. The verbal participates in the verbal participle : appearance, transitivity and recurrence:

Standing (de.pres, unm., Nesov.v., Nepereh., Nevozvr.) Near the window, I carefully (nar, unchanging, mode of action) looked at passers-by.

In the case of morphological analysis of service parts, they indicate their unchangeability, as well as discharge by meaning (particles, conjunctions) and origin (prepositions):

The tree grew not (a particle, otrits.,) In (preposition, unprofessional) vegetable garden, but (union, so., Against.,) Further.

In conclusion, it should be noted that strict morphological analysis involves the definition of the syntactic role of a word in a sentence, which is also derived from grammatical meaning.