Pisces of the Samara region: photo and description

Even in the recent past, the Middle Volga and adjoining reservoirs were famous for their zaryblennostyu. A basis for commercial fish stocks in the Samara region were sturgeon and salmon species, which were caught in huge quantities and were appreciated much higher than the "white" species: pike, bream, zander and others. The so-called "red" fish was the most important commodity for export and was quoted on the domestic market. In the 19th century, herring was also famous (in particular, the black cherry), the schools of which came to spawn in these places.

Species diversity

Today there are more than 50 species of underwater inhabitants on the Middle Volga and surrounding water bodies, which make up the fish stocks of the Samara region. They are referred to 16 families and 10 orders (some are rather poor: for example, only sturgeon is found from sturgeon).

Carp

Species diversity is mainly represented in this detachment. There are more than 30 species and 20 genera. Pisces of the Samara region: roach and bream, bream and zinc, asp and dace, yazi and chub, cupids and carp, pods and crochetes, carp and carp - these are the main representatives of this detachment.

Perciformes

This squad yields to the carp in the presented variety quite clearly. It is represented by 9 species: perch, ruff, borsham, zander, bulls, pugolovkami, podkamenshchikom, rotan.

Salmonids, herrings, other species

The fish of the Samara region are represented by salmonids. There are 5 species: brook and rainbow trout, peled, sneet (smelt euro), vendace. A detachment of herrings is represented by only two species of herring: tulka and black cherry. The group of needle-shaped ones is represented by fish-needle Caspian, catfish-common catfish, cod-like burbot, eel-like eel river, pike-like common pike, sturgeon-sterlet.

Rare and endangered species of fish in the Samara Region. List

As a result of industrial and commercial activities of people from the 19th century, the gradual disappearance of some species of fish begins, which previously inhabited these places in abundance. Here are some of them:

• White fish;
• chub;
• Trout;
• Russian boar;
• Beluga;
• dace;
• salmon;
• sturgeon;
• The Volga sub-stream;
• Stellate sturgeon, taymen;
• Black herring herring.

Some species, by virtue of their ecological tolerance, were able to adapt to the current environmental conditions. For example, the sterlet, which retained its spawning grounds in the upper zones of the reservoir and survived. Although its fishing catch is prohibited by law today.

Why fish species disappear

It is characteristic that the sturgeon in the Samara region even before the recent time (the 19th century, the beginning of the 20th) were a national resource and wealth of Russia. And for catching these fish our country was one of the first places in the world. The development of hydropower significantly changed the situation. The construction of dams and the construction of stations affected the regime of the river and prevented the free spread and spawning of some species.

Among other factors - the change in the regime of water bodies (oxygen and fodder), draining into the aquatic environment a variety of waste, domestic and industrial. Water also pollutes water - water and land. A permanent overfishing of fish (catching more of it than it can reproduce) contributes to its gradual disappearance.

Some types of fish in the Samara region: photo and description

• Pike is a rather fast growing predatory fish, consuming fry and adult individuals of small size. It is found mainly in shallow water near the shore. Spawning begins early and lasts long (up to 30 days). For this reason, the reproduction of the pike has no special difficulties and is observed annually, although some natural and industrial factors still affect the death of eggs and fry.
• The trout, or brook trout, is also a representative of the fish in the Samara region (see photo above). The trout from the squad of salmon live in small rivers and streams. For the environment is characterized by the presence of fast currents, cold water, pebble or sandy bottom. This fish is found in the Samara region in the northeast (Kamyshlinsky and Klyavlinsky districts). In recent years, the disappearance of the species from the river basins is typical.
• Sudak is a rather small species that lives in the reservoirs of the Samara region. The main reasons restraining the growth of its reproduction are a limited number of male producers, their massive and illegal catch in the period before spawning.
• Snail, or smelt European. This fish has two forms: large and small. The appearance is characterized by a fat fin, elongated body, small scales, which easily disappears. Dorsal fin slightly distanced. The body of the fish is translucent. The snake can be 10 cm in length and smelt up to 30 cm.