Outside sewerage: types, schemes, installation. Sewer at the cottage

Suburban areas today are equipped with the latest technology. As one of the important factors, which primarily affects the comfort of a person's stay there, there is the presence of communication systems, among which it is necessary to highlight not only the water supply, but also the sewage system.

If you decide to move away from the grandfather's methods that involve the disposal of sewage, then you can consider systems that can work in automatic mode and do not presuppose the presence of a person. They will be discussed below. But for a complete picture, attention must also be paid to those systems that suggest intervention.

The main types of sewerage for cottages: cesspool system

The country sewer can be equipped on the principle of a cesspool system. It involves the collection of sewage. For the manufacture of such systems today have ceased to use clay, which used to be a layer of insulation. In addition, the design has become more powerful, so it is able to protect nature from domestic pollution.

Instead of the usual cesspools today, sealed containers are used that can be represented:

• Concrete rings;
• Plastic products;
• Metal barrels;
• Pits of different materials.

For reference

With regard to the latter option, it can provide for the use of concrete blocks and bricks, the first of which are isolated from both sides. By equipping the country sewer system on the principle of a cesspool, you acquire the possibility of installing a cheap and simple system. The facility will not be difficult, but it will have to be maintained constantly. As the container is filled, it must be cleaned with a suction machine, a special pump, or by yourself.

When to choose a septic tank

This system, as practice shows, is one of the most successful. It is not very expensive, and the efficiency of disposal of sewage remains at a high level. The essence of the septic's work is the natural decomposition of organic matter. Bacteria affect the drains, so that any organic matter disappears within a few days. But in the drains there are substances that bacteria can not do.

Here, the compartments come to the aid, which can be installed in the number of several pieces. In each of them, different processes occur. The first container is used to collect sewage. Here, the effluent is settled, and the heavy particles descend to the bottom. As for small particles and water, they enter the next container. Heavy particles are processed by bacteria, resulting in the formation of mud. The latter acts as an excellent fertilizer for the garden and garden.

Country sewers of this type also have a second compartment, where the process of processing fine particles occurs. Purified water enters through the bottom into the ground. The more such containers, the purer the water at the outlet. To date, there are several types of septic tanks. There are entire devices, which are a single reservoir, which is divided. Known yet, and detached containers, which are interconnected pipes.

Autonomous recycling system

If you decide to install a country sewer, you should consider an autonomous system, which is one of the most modern. Such skeptics perform a complete cleaning of impurities, and at the output it is possible to get almost pure water. Some models even provide absolute cleanup.

It is worth such equipment is quite expensive, it is better to entrust professionals to its installation. Such sewerage systems are usually purchased in a fold. One septic tank is installed on several houses. It is important to accurately determine the capacity of the equipment and its performance, these parameters will depend on the number of drains.

Septic scheme

The scheme of country sewage can be considered on the example of a septic tank made of concrete rings. The first section in this case has a concrete bottom. A pipe with a slope approaches it. It should be about 2 cm per 1 m in length. The device of the first and second sections is identical, but the second container may have a smaller size. The role of this compartment is to filter. In this tank there are materials that provide natural cleaning, among them one should highlight clay and gravel.

The filtered fraction enters the third reservoir, from where the liquid is removed through the drainage to the ground. If you plan to use a sewage machine to clean this tank, you should place the tank closer to the road.

Installation of an autonomous sewage system

Autonomous suburban sewer is installed after determining its location. For this, a pit is dug in the territory, the dimensions of which will depend on the parameters of the structure purchased. Masters should dig a trench, deepening by 60 cm. In this case, the slope will be 3%, which is true for a 110-mm sewer pipe.

Then another trench is being prepared, where a discharge pipe of the same diameter should be laid, but it should be additionally insulated. If you decide to use just such a system of suburban sewerage, then at the next stage it is necessary to lower the station into the excavation and level it in accordance with the level.

The next step will be joining the pipes. If the length of the supply line exceeds 20 m, it is important to equip a manhole that will eliminate blockages. The station is connected to communications, in addition, it is necessary to connect the emergency lamp and the float. To check the operation of the pumps, you must first turn on the station, only after it is fully filled and filled with trenches. The system is masked by a lawn, covered with a pot of flowers or an artificial stone.

Sewage system with filtering well and filtration field

Considering the types of sewerage for a country house, you should pay attention to the septic tanks that have a filtering well. Such systems are relevant with a low groundwater location. The filtration well is usually a few reinforced concrete rings without a bottom.

As for the filtration field, it is installed at a groundwater level within 1.5 m. This is also true for the case when the soil has a poor drainage capacity. At the same time, impurities are diverted to the filtration fields. Such sewerage in the dacha has quite extensive areas, in which the natural soil is replaced by crushed stone and sand. Water from the septic tank enters this field through perforated pipes, where it passes through the layers and is cleaned, and then leaves for the lower layers of soil. Sewer at the cottage has a filtering field that has layering. The layers assume the presence of sand, then there is rubble, in which the drainage pipes are located.

Conclusion

Urban residents today are used to comfort, therefore, spending time at the cottage, they no longer intend to put up with lack of amenities. However, in the countryside, as a rule, there is no full-fledged sewage system. Therefore, the arrangement of such structures is the concern of the owners. This business can not be called simple, however, having understood the intricacies and technology, you can design and build a sewer system with your own hands. At this stage, it is also important to choose the type of system. This can be an autonomous sewage system, a septic tank or modern systems, the work of which involves the presence of electricity.