Information: definition of the concept, meaning, scope

In the field of media communications, high technology, sociology, psychology and other sciences, information is one of the most important aspects of the study. The definition of this term is formulated by many scholars of humanitarian and technical specializations. Changes that embraced humanity in the era of the information boom are large-scale and systemic.

The new period of the development of society researchers-sociologists and social scientists characterize in different ways:

- "Post-industrial society" (D. Bell);

- "postmodern society" (S. Crook and S. Lesh);

- "information society" (F. Mahlup and T. Umesao);

- "a global village" (M. McLuhan).

All of them emphasize the high degree of dynamism, the colossal speed and importance of the operative exchange of various kinds of messages between individuals, large and small social groups, whole institutions. On the proscenium comes the phenomenon of the concept of "information". The definition has its etymology, which takes its origins from the Latin word "informatio" and denotes processes ...

• Acquaintance;
• representation;
• Understanding (in this case we mean perception, awareness of something unknown, comparison of new and old knowledge).

Message and information: Definition in the field of media communications

The concepts of "message" and "information" can not always be generalized. It would be more accurate to distinguish between them. Messages in the communication process should be understood as an array of information transmitted from the sender to the recipient. It can be not only words and sounds, text, but also visual symbols, emotional atmosphere, facial expressions and intonations, gestures. Also give the opinion of the famous scientist E.P. Prokhorov that not all messages should be considered information, but only those that come into contact with the consumer, only those that the audience has perceived or used. Thus, what turned out to be undigested and unconscious remains at the message level, without falling under the category of "information".

Definition of generalized nature

Information (Latin Informatio - explanations, interpretations) is news about something, someone's activity; It is a system of messages about current news of domestic and international life that guide the audience in the process of obtaining new knowledge, facts, political, economic, cultural and scientific phenomena (D. Grigorash).

Information is divided into the following types:

• Objective and nonobjective - gnoseological aspect;
• Attributive and functional - ontological;
• Potential and actual - pragmatic.

Information in the technical sciences is understood as a message that is transmitted in the form of signs or signals. In this process, you need a data source, their receiver (receiver), and a communication channel.

Thus, in the context of the transformation of the value and professional orientations of society, the definition of the concept of "information" acquires an ever wider arsenal of meanings. It includes not only human communication, but also all communication processes in the technical, humanitarian and natural sciences.

Confidential Information: Definition

Private information about a person is called confidential and includes information about his nationality, education, marital status, religious views, health status, and address, date and place of birth. Such information does not pretend to be a state secret, but is protected in accordance with the legislative base of the Russian Federation and can not be made public without the permission of the person concerned.

Confidential information is regulated by federal laws "On special protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures for the import of goods," taking into account changes and additions (Article 32); "On the protection of personal data," "On information, information technology and information protection."