Direct and indirect additions in Russian

In Russian, all the words that are part of sentences are either main members or secondary. The main make up the grammatical basis and point to the subject, which is spoken about in the utterance, and to its action, and all other words in the construction are propagating. Among them, linguists distinguish definitions, circumstances and additions. Without the secondary members of the proposal, it would be impossible to talk about any event in detail, without missing a single detail, and therefore the value of these members of the proposal can not be overestimated. In this article we will talk about the role of supplement in the Russian language.

Thanks to this member of the sentence it is easy to construct a complete statement in which not only the action of the main character of the narrative will be indicated, but also the subject with which this action is connected is singled out. So, in order not to get confused, you should start analyzing this topic from the very beginning. After all, only observing the sequence, you can learn the great and mighty Russian language.

Definition

The supplement is a minor member of the proposal that indicates the subject matter resulting from the action of the principal person in the proposal or to which the action is directed. Can be expressed in the following parts of speech :

1. Personal pronoun or noun used in indirect case forms. The sentence can be used with or without a preposition (I listen to music and think about it).
2. Any part of the speech that performs the function of the noun (She glanced at the people who entered).
3. Often, additions in the Russian language are expressed in an infinitive (Parents asked her to sing).
4. A free phraseological combination of the noun and numerals, used in the genitive case (He opened six tabs.).
5. A connected and stable phraseological combination (He spoke not to hang his nose).

Function and questions of addition

In Russian, the supplement answers questions of indirect cases, namely: "Who?", "To whom?", "Who?", "About whom?", "What?" "What?", "What?", "About "In the sentence, this minor term has an explanatory function and can relate to the following parts of the speech:

1. To the verb used as a predicate (I am writing a letter).
2. To a noun as any member of the sentence (Hope for the father).
3. To the sacrament or the name of the adjective, used as any of the members of the sentence (Weighing the rump, strict to the daughter).
4. To the dialect as any of the members of the sentence (Imperceptibly for you).

Types of add-ons

If the given sentence member depends on the verb, then it can be of two types:

1. Direct additions in Russian are used without prepositions and are expressed by transitive verbs in the accusative case. Such words denote an object to which, in one way or another, the action of the principal person applies. For example: I remember perfectly the day when we met. If the predicate in the sentence is a transitive verb and stands in the form of a negation, then a direct complement in the genitive case can be used with it without a preposition (But not to return the days of the former). In the case of impersonally predicative words, the sentence is also used in the form of the genitive case and without a preposition at the words "sorry" and "sorry" (And we feel sorry for something bright).
2. Indirect additions in the Russian language are expressed in words in the accusative case, used together with prepositions, and in other indirect cases without prepositions. (She jumped up and began to peer out the window with a restless air, his attempts to establish relations with classmates were crowned with success).

The values of direct additions

Direct additions in Russian, used with verbs, can denote the following objects:

1. The item received as a result of the action (I will build a house in the village).
2. The object or person who is exposed (Father caught the fish and brought home).
3. The object to which the feeling is directed (I love winter evenings and walks on the snow-covered street).
4. Object of development and knowledge (She knew foreign languages and could communicate freely, she was interested in philosophy and foreign literature).
5. The space that is overcome by the main person (I will bypass the entire globe, cross the cosmic distances).
6. Object of desire or thought (Now I remembered it).

The meanings of indirect additions without prepositions

The indirect addition in Russian, used without prepositions, can have the following meanings:

1. The ratio of objects referred to in the phrase or sentence, namely the object to which the action is directed (Harvested the crop).
2. Object of achievement or touch (Today received a diploma, he will be happy when it touches only her hand).
3. The object by which the action takes place (Do not cut down with an ax what is written on the heart).
4. Subject or condition that complements the action (The bear he killed was very large, he should be sorry).

The meaning of indirect supplements with prepositions

Indirect additions, which can not be used in a context without prepositions, can acquire the following shades of meaning in a sentence:

1. The material from which this or that object is made (the House is built of stone).
2. Subject to which the action extends (Waves splash about the stone).
3. The person or thing that causes the condition (the father was worried about the son).
4. The object to which thoughts and feelings are directed. (He told the advantages of his work.).
5. The object from which they are removed (He left early at home).
6. The person who participates in the commission of the main action (Upon arrival, grandchildren surrounded her grandmother and kissed her for a long time.).

Supplement as part of the turnover

In Russian there are such concepts as real and passive turnover. In both cases, this is a special phrase, the construction of which includes the main and considered secondary member of the proposal.

The actual turnover is considered in the case when the addition is the person to whom the action is directed, and the main term of the sentence is expressed by a transitive verb. For example: narwhal bouquet, cut a lawn.

Suffering is called a turn in which the underlying is the subject undergoing action, and the addition points to the main object of the utterance. For example: the colonel was quickly picked up by the rank and file and sent to the infirmary.

How in the proposal to find an addition?

The questions of completing the Russian language are very simple, and therefore, no matter what part of the speech the given member of the sentence is expressed, it is not too difficult to find it in the context. To do this, follow the standard parsing scheme. First, highlight the grammatical basis, and then determine the relationship of words in the sentence through the questions posed. First from the subject and the predicate to the secondary members, and then directly and between the secondary members. In writing, each word, depending on which category it refers to, is indicated by a special kind of underlining. To complement this is a dotted line.

Secondary members of the proposal are the basis of complete statements

Secondary members of the proposal - the topic is quite voluminous and contains many rules, but if you do not spend enough time studying it, you will not be able to master such a great science as the Russian language. Circumstance, addition and definition are those constituent sentences that will make it possible to form a statement that reveals the whole meaning of the narrative. Without them, language would lose all its charm. Therefore, it is very important to approach this topic with the utmost responsibility to know how to correctly use a particular word in the context.