China And Japanese Imperialism

The expansion of Japanese imperialism in Northeast China, the anti-imperialist, anti-Japanese upsurge of the masses and the broad scope of the Soviet movement constituted characteristic features of the country's history between the autumn of 1931 and the summer of 1937. The Japanese military, long cherished plans to turn China into a springboard for attacking USSR and establishment of its domination in Asia, on September 18, 1931, began the operation to seize Northeast China. His occupation by Japanese troops was basically completed in early 1932. In the autumn of the same year, Japan signed an agreement with the puppet state created in Manchuria. The treaty, in essence, legalized the Japanese control over Northeast China.

In March 1934, the Japanese invaders proclaimed the last son of the Ch'ing dynasty deposed in 1912, the Emperor of Manchuku, the Pu dynasty. The anti-Soviet provocations of the Japanese military on the Far Eastern borders of the USSR and the Chinese Eastern Railway have become more frequent. The Soviet government, faithful to the policy of peace and good-neighborliness, suggested that the Japanese side buy out from the USSR its share of ownership of the CER. In order not to give the aggressor reasons for provocations, the Soviet government was compelled, after lengthy Soviet-Japanese negotiations, on March 23, 1935, to sign an agreement on the concession of Manchuk's rights of the Soviet Union with respect to the CER. China and Japanese imperialism ...

Although in 1931-1935. The Nanking government achieved some success in the matter of national unification, China was still torn apart by internal contradictions, local authorities were only nominally subordinate to Nanjing. This made it easier for the imperialist powers, especially Japan, to strengthen their political and economic influence in China, and on the other hand, contributed to the patriotic rise of the Chinese people directed against Japanese imperialism and Nanking's capitulatory policy. The concentrated movement of this upsurge was the Soviet movement. On November 7-24, 1931, the First National Congress of Soviets (more than 600 representatives of the Soviet regions and the Red Army of China) was held in the district of Ruijin in Jiangxi Province. The congress adopted the draft constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the land law, the labor law , economic policy, the decision "On the Red Army", on the national question , etc.

According to the draft constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic, political power on its territory was represented as the power of the democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry. The congress elected the CEC of the Chinese Soviet Republic and the Provisional Central Government. As chairman of the first and second authority, the congress elected Mao Zedong.

China and Japanese imperialism