"Who lives well in Russia": heroes. Nekrasov, "To Whom in Russia to Live Well": a short summary

From 1863 to 1877 he created Nekrasov "Who lives well in Russia." The idea, the characters, the plot changed several times in the process of work. Most likely, the idea was not completely revealed: the author died in 1877. Despite this, "Who in Russia lives well" as a folk poem is considered a completed work. It was assumed that it would have 8 parts, but only 4 could be completed.

With the presentation of characters begins the poem "Who in Russia live well." These heroes are seven peasants from villages: Dyryavino, Zaplatovo, Gorelovo, Neuroazhayka, Znobishino, Razutovo, Neelovo. They meet and talk about who lives happily in Russia. Every man has his own opinion. One believes that the landlord is happy, the other is that he is an official. Happy also called a merchant, a priest, a minister, a noble boyar, a peasant king from the poem "To Whom in Russia Live Well". The heroes began to argue, lit a fire. Even before the fight came the deal. However, they have not succeeded in reaching agreement.

Tablecloth-self-scrub

Suddenly Pakhom unexpectedly caught a chick. A small chiffchaff, his mother, asked the peasant to release the chick to freedom. She prompted for this, where you can find a tablecloth-samoranku - a very useful thing, which is certainly useful in a long journey. Thanks to her, the men during the trip did not lack food.

The story of the priest

The next event continues the work "To Whom in Russia Live Well". The heroes decided to find out at any cost who lives happily and cheerfully in Russia. They went on the road. First they met a priest on the way. The peasants turned to him with a question about whether he lived happily. Then the priest told about his life. He believes (in which the men could not disagree with him) that happiness is impossible without peace, honor, wealth. Pop believes that if he had it all, he would be completely happy. However, he is obliged to go to day and night, in any weather, where he will be told - to the dying, to the sick. Every time the ass has to see the human grief and suffering. He even sometimes lacks the strength to take for the service of retribution, since people are tearing themselves away from themselves. Once everything was completely different. Pop says that he was generously rewarded by his wealthy landowners for funerals, baptisms, and weddings. But now the rich are far away, but the poor have no money. The priest also has no honor: he is not respected by peasants, as many folk songs speak about.

Wanderers go to the fair

Wanderers understand that this man can not be called happy, which is noted by the author of the work "To Whom in Russia Live Well". The heroes again set out on their way and find themselves on the road in the village of Kuzminsky, at the fair. This village is dirty, although rich. There are a lot of establishments in it, in which residents indulge in drunkenness. They drink their last money. For example, the old man did not have money for shoes for his granddaughter, since he drank everything. All this is observed by pilgrims from the work "To Whom in Russia Live Well" (Nekrasov).

Yakim Nagoi

They also notice fairs and fights and argue that the peasant is compelled to drink: this helps to withstand hard work and eternal deprivation. An example of this is Yakim Naga, a peasant from the village of Bosovo. He works to death, "until he drinks to death". Yakim believes that if there was no drinking, there would be great sorrow.

Wanderers continue the way. In the work "To Whom in Russia Live Well" Nekrasov tells that they want to find happy and cheerful people, they promise to give free drink to these lucky ones. Therefore, a variety of people are trying to pass themselves off as such - a paralyzed former yardman who licked plates for a long time for a master, exhausted workers, beggars. However, travelers understand that these people can not be called happy.

Ermil Jirin

The men once heard of a man named Ermil Jirin. His story is further narrated by Nekrasov ("To Whom in Russia Live Well"). The summary, of course, does not convey all the details. Ermil Jirin is a burgomaster, who was very respected, a fair and honest man. He set out to redeem the mill one day. Without a receipt, they lent him the money of the peasants, they trusted him so much. However, there was a peasant revolt. Now Ermil is in the prison.

The story of Obolt-Obolduyev

Gavrila Obult-Obolduyev, one of the landlords, spoke about the fate of the nobles after the abolition of serfdom. They used to belong to a lot: serfs, villages, forests. Nobles could invite to the house of serfs on holidays to pray. But after the peasant reform the master was not already a full-fledged owner of the peasants. Wanderers knew very well how difficult life was at the time of serfdom. But it is not difficult to understand them either, since the nobility became much more difficult after the abolition of serfdom. And it's no longer easier for the peasants. The wanderers understood that they would not be able to find a happy man among the men. So they decided to go to women.

Life of Matryona Korchagina

The peasants were told that in one village there lives a peasant named Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina, who is called the lucky one. They found her, and Matryona told the peasants about her life. This story continues Nekrasov "Who in Russia live well."

The summary of the life story of this woman is as follows. Her childhood was cloudless and happy. She had a hard-working family, non-drinking. Mother daughter cherished and cherished. When Matryona grew up, she became a beauty. A stove-maker from another village, Filipp Korchagin, once asked for her. Matryona told how he persuaded her to marry him. This was the only bright memory of this woman in her entire life, which was hopeless and dreary, although her husband treated her well by peasant standards: he almost did not beat. However, he went to the city to work. Matryona lived in the house of her father-in-law. Everything here was bad for her. The only one who was kind to the peasant woman was a very old grandfather Saveliy. He told her that for killing the manager came to penal servitude.

Soon Matryona gave birth to Demushka - a nice and beautiful child. She could not part with him for a minute. However, the woman had to work in a field where she was not allowed to take a child by her mother-in-law. Grandfather Savely watched the baby. He once did not see after Demushka, and the child was eaten by pigs. We came to understand from the city, in front of the mother opened the baby. This was a hard blow for Matryona.

Then five children were born to her, all the boys. Matrena was a kind and caring mother. Once Fedot, one of the children, grazed the sheep. One of them was carried by a wolf. This was the fault of the shepherd, who should be punished with whips. Then Matryona begged to be beaten up instead of her son.

She also said that her husband was once wanted to be taken into the soldiers, although this was in violation of the law. Then Matryona went to the city, being pregnant. Here the woman met Elena Alexandrovna, the kind governor who helped her, and Matryona's husband was released.

A happy woman was considered Matryona peasants. However, after listening to her story, the peasants realized that she can not be called happy. Too much suffering and troubles were in her life. Matryona Timofeevna herself also says that a woman in Russia, especially a peasant woman, can not be happy. Its share is very difficult.

Survived from the mind of the landowner

The way to the Volga is kept by peasant muzhiks. Here there is mowing. Hard work is busy people. Suddenly an amazing scene: the skates are humiliated, they cater to the old master. It turned out that the landlord survived from his mind. He can not realize that serfdom has already been abolished . Therefore, his relatives persuaded the peasants to behave as if he were still acting. They were promised a meadow for this . The peasants agreed, but were deceived again. When the old master died, the heirs did not give them anything.

The story of Jacob

Repeatedly on the way strangers listen to folk songs - hungry, soldier and others, as well as different stories. They remember, for example, the story of Jacob, a true slave. He always tried to please and please the master, who humiliated and beat the serf. However, this led to the fact that Yakov loved him even more. The master in old age refused his legs. Jacob continued to take care of him as if he were his own child. But he did not get any thanks for it. Grisha, a young fellow, nephew of Yakov, wanted to marry a beautiful woman - a fortress girl. Out of jealousy, the old gentleman sent Grisha into recruits. Jacob got into drunkenness from this grief, but then returned to the master and avenged. He took him to the forest and hanged himself right before the master. Since that leg was paralyzed, he could not get away. Barin stayed all night under the body of Jacob.

Grigory Dobroskolonov - the people's defender

This and other stories make men think that they will not be able to find happy ones. However, they learn about Grigory Dobrosklonov, a seminarian. This is the son of the sexton, who has seen from childhood the suffering and hopeless life of the people. He made a choice in his early youth, he decided that he would give his strength to fight for the happiness of his people. Gregory is educated and intelligent. He understands that Russia is strong and will cope with all the troubles. Gregory in the future will have a glorious path, a loud name for the people's defender, "consumption and Siberia."

Muzhiks listen to this patron, but they do not yet have the understanding that such people can make others happy. This will not happen soon.

Heroes of the poem

Nekrasov portrayed various sections of the population. Simple peasants become the protagonists of the work. They were freed by the reform of 1861. But their life after the abolition of serfdom changed slightly. The same hard work, hopeless life. After the reform, moreover, the peasants who owned their own land found themselves in an even more difficult situation.

Characteristics of the heroes of the work "To Whom in Russia Live Well" can be supplemented by the fact that the author created surprisingly authentic images of the peasants. Their characters are very accurate, although contradictory. Not only kindness, strength and integrity of character is in Russian people. In them, at the genetic level, servility, servility, a willingness to submit to a despot and a tyrant were preserved. The coming of Grigory Dobrosklonov, the new man, is a symbol of the fact that honest, noble, intelligent people appear among the downtrodden peasants. Let their fate be unenviable and difficult. Thanks to them, the peasant masses will become self-conscious, and people will finally be able to fight for happiness. It is about this that the heroes and author of the poem dream. ON. Nekrasov ("Who lives well in Russia," "Russian women," "Frost, Red Nose," and other works) is considered a truly popular poet, who was interested in the fate of the peasantry, its sufferings and problems. The poet could not remain indifferent to his difficult share. The work of N.A. Nekrasov "To whom to live well in Russia" is written with such sympathy for the people that makes today and empathize with his fate at that difficult time.