What is an idyll in relationships and literature

What is an idyll? The answer to this question can not be unambiguous. Serenity, happy existence (or co-existence), cloudless relations, complete absence of anxiety - that's what idyll is in the general sense of the word. But along with this interpretation there are still other definitions. The meaning of the word "idyll" is used in several categories. In painting, this is a miniature painting from rural life, pastoral or bucolic. In the literature, "idyll," it's about the same - a description of the good stories from the serene life of village lovers or couples. At the same time, such pictures, as a rule, are of a long-term nature, can last for years and even decades, since the word "idyll" expresses the state of the human soul to which one should strive. There are also disappointments, but they are small and do not matter.

Idyll is an epic, a lyric or a drama

In folk art, there is always room for talented writers, artists and musicians. Therefore, terminology does not always matter. What is the idyll in classical literature? Idyllic sketches the writer inserts into the narrative, as a rare decoration, and these fragments do ennoble the novel, the story or even a short story.

Notable examples of idylls in the literature are few, but characteristic. The immortal work of N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls" contains (the first book, the second chapter) a magnificent story on this subject. The writer turned to sentimentality and romanticism, made them the basis of the chapter on the landowner Manilov, to whom Chichikov called during his journey.

"English park" in the middle zone of Russia

The entire manilov Manilov literally permeated with idyllic foundations, but, unfortunately, this pseudo-idyll, the result of enough false aspirations of the landowner. And his whole life is some kind of artificial, arranged on the principle "so necessary, so accepted in high society." The landlord from time to time leaves the city, "in order to see people educated", even though he is not interested in anyone there. Due to its limited nature, Manilov does not see and does not feel disdain from the city's "vis-a-vis", and he is happy from communicating with people who are hardly acquainted, this is his own idyll.

The return of the landowner to the estate is accompanied by his anticipation of meeting with his native home, and most importantly, with the "magnificent English park", broken in a prominent place. The park is amazed by neglect and neglect, "English lawns" are an unevenly trimmed rough turf, several curved flower beds and dozens of miserable birches, which have never been started. Nevertheless, the landowner is happy, and this is because the person has an idyll, albeit fictitious.

"Spousal relations"

However, there is also Manilov's "light in the window." His relationship with his wife, whom he calls only "Lizanka", fully correspond to idyllic norms. Established mutual understanding at the minimum level, which allows you sometimes to joke, eat lunch together and even kiss for evening tea. These relations are far from ideal, but quite correspond to idyllic ones.

Old-world landlords

At one time Russian literature gravitated toward descriptions of measured rural life, the patriarchal existence of a village family. The idyllic existence of the old landowner Afanasii Ivanovich Tovstogub and his wife Pulcheria Ivanovna, can best be described in Gogol's story "The Old-World Landlords." Mutual love, which nothing has overshadowed throughout life, has gradually evolved into a monotonous series of days. The only entertainment of the old man was to approach his wife with a stern look and frighten her to death with a story about a war. After that, both went to supper. In "Old-World Landowners" an answer was given to the question of what an idyll is in relations. There's nothing to add here.

Idyll has one characteristic property - it never goes into other forms. And when Pulcheria Ivanovna died, Afanasy Ivanovich's life also ended, even though he lived for another five years, or rather endured them, every day dreaming of leaving for another world, in order to meet finally his beloved wife. That's what idyll is, in the true sense of the word.

Anna Karenina

The work of the Russian writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy "Anna Karenina" is an example of an idyllic special property. Life and death, two absolutely opposite categories, are presented to Tolstoy as an illogical example. Idyll, or "harmony," sometimes takes on rather bizarre forms. Several of the stories described by Leo Tolstoy in the novel concern loving people who are trying to unite. However, as soon as they begin to live together and until the idyll in a relationship remains one step, everything is necessarily distorted.

Quarrels and misunderstandings, but love is still alive, and even becomes stronger. On the proscenium, however, death is already coming. And its role, no less, is in the idyllic alignment of the situation, hopeless and tragic. Vronsky lives without interest, he will sooner or later perish in a duel or accident. Levin is afraid to walk with a gun, as he feels tempted to shoot himself. The main character Anna Karenina and at all rushes under the train. In the interpretation of Leo Tolstoy, the idyll is a drama, even if such an explanation runs counter to logic and universal values.

Poet Osip Mandelstam

In Mandelshtam's poetry there is a clear desire for idyll. Another thing is that none of his poems are not peaceful until the end, and this sign determines the degree of serenity of a literary work. Only idiosyncratic lines from the poems of the poet can be considered idyllic:

"... do not despair, get on the tram, so empty, so eighth ..."

The theme is calming, the sound of the couplet is soothing. This idyllic Mandelstam. The poet all his life followed the immutable rule - "do not despond". He sincerely tried to understand the reasons for the betrayal of his wife Lily Brik, but he did not understand anything. Nevertheless, even later, the poet accepted her connection with Vladimir Mayakovsky as a kind of idyll, inevitable and grandiose. Jealousy, a sense of offended dignity faded before the greatness of the term. On that and decided. So it turns out that the idyll - it's lyrics, love and devotion.

Nevertheless, this story ended tragically, Mayakovsky committed suicide because of unrequited love. And then the interpretation of the concept of "idyll" in the spirit of Leo Tolstoy - "love and death" already comes to the scene. In fact, the meaning of the word "idyll" in its purest form presupposes something good, kind, and most importantly, pleasant. But, as we see, sometimes it bears the stamp of tragedy.

Bucolic

The most idyllic paintings are reflected in two genres, both in literature and in the visual arts - these are pastoral subjects and bucolic. True peace can be felt only in nature, among flowering meadows, a transparent lake, a mushroom forest and many other surrounding landscape attractions.

Bucolic - a poetic image of the life of shepherds and cowherds. Bucolic history usually begins with the rising of the sun, when cattle are driven from the whole village to pasture. At the same time, there are no signs of civilization, shepherd, as a rule, barefoot, a whip in his hands, a canvas bag with bread loaf on his shoulder. Nothing more is needed, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables can be ripped from any village bed along the way. The pattern of grazing is extremely simple, even primitive. But it contains the main thing - unity with nature. A herd of cows or sheep, as well as of other livestock, is displayed in the pasture for a whole day, before sunset. Then the herd led by the shepherd returns to the village, and each cow goes to his house.

Dudochka, the progenitor of a flute

A long summer day passes slowly, while the cattle graze the grass, the shepherd tries to do something. This is where the bucolic plot begins, many elements of folk art came out of shepherd's fancies.

For example, such an instrument of a symphonic orchestra, as a flute, has historically appeared on meadows and pastures. It all began with a pipe made of elder, carved by a shepherd and revived in his hands. Later the shepherds learned to make a pipe, a more complex instrument, which could already be called musical. The sound was extracted from the pipe, close to the notes, although without halftones. The shepherds selected the simplest melodies by ear and repeated them hundreds of times until they were memorized. Thus was born musical folklore.

Pies as an art of seduction

As the young men went to the shepherds, the pipes did not save them from loneliness. And so it was led in Russia - "where the shepherdess, there is a cowherd boy".

In those distant times, the village shepherd was considered an enviable bridegroom. And the smart mothers, who had daughters for marriage, did not lose time. The girl was laying the patties just baked by her mother in a basket and went on a journey. By noon she came to grazing and treated her chosen one. Who will not be happy with the pies and the beautiful girl? It used to be that the girl was delayed, and she and the shepherd woke up only in the evening, in the shadow of an old oak tree. And only then, in the autumn, weddings were played.

Pastoral

Literary works, prose, poem, ode, essay ... A whole layer of Russian culture, idyll of a narrative genre! Pastoral can also be music, symphonies, arias and other classical works. Unlike bucolic, pastoral does not include pastoral subjects, the basis is most often rural life, measured and unhurried. Also in the pastoral genre can be depicted nature, landscapes with or without peasants, but in any case, the theme of paintings, literary works and musical masterpieces depicting people against the background of nature, fields, meadows, forests and rivers - is, in fact, There is a pastoral genre. At the same time, animals, lambs, lambs, goats must participate in the plot.

Tablecloth on the grass

The favorite theme of artists writing pastoral paintings is a "country picnic", which, usually, depicts representatives of high society, who went to nature with family or friends. Often next to them are your favorite hunting dogs, which greatly diversify the plot. On the grass a tablecloth, set with bottles and plates with refreshments, is spread. Thus, it becomes clear that the idyll is a genre of fine art, comprehensive and sufficiently large-scale. Like any other direction, assuming the artist has a talent.

The concept of "idyll" is something unforgettable, under the impression of novels, operas, symphonies in this genre are adults and children, ordinary people and intellectuals. Everyone is receptive to real art, and everyone understands that any story had its beginning and its continuation, and also the end, but how this story is presented today is another matter. Idyll is something special, a unique artistic genre.