What are the state programs? State medical, educational, economic programs

In the Russian Federation, much work is being done to develop and implement state programs. Resource opportunities are a limitation and the main criterion in selecting problems for the development of each program. Often this leads to the emergence of the current problems over strategic ones. Annually, when forming the federal budget, dozens of programs are approved, which are to be financed from the federal budget.

State program: definition and meaning

The state Russian program is the most important means of implementing the internal state policy, the targeted impact on the development of social and economic spheres of life and should be directed to the implementation of major research and investment projects responsible for solving complex problems that are the sphere of activity of federal, regional and local authorities. In addition, it is a set of production, economic, research, social, economic and other activities related to terms, executors and resources that are aimed at organizing and ensuring the development of the state in various fields and spheres of activity.

State programs are developed and implemented by the executive authorities or other major administrators of budgetary funds, whose powers include the implementation of public policy along with other executors and participants in the program.

Structure of the program

Each program in the Russian Federation includes:

• Federal government programs and / or sub-programs;
• Main activities and / or departmental target programs;
• Specific activities aimed at solving a particular program task.

The structure of the program is as follows:

• Formulation of the problem and proof of the need for its solution by the methods of the program;
• Goals, tasks, timeframes and stages of program implementation;
• A complex of program activities: technical, economic, procedural, research, etc .;
• Size and sources of funding, resource support for activities;
• Implementation mechanism;
• Organization and control of implementation management;
• Determining the effectiveness of the program's implications and results;
• passport.

The parameters that the program must meet are determined, the forecast of the final results characterizing the change in the state, for example, the social sphere, the quality and standard of living of the population, public security, the economy, health, etc., is contained.

State programs are based on the directions of the government of the Russian Federation approved for a specific period; Provisions defining the concept of social and economic development of the Russian Federation; Decisions of the president and the government of the Russian Federation; Federal laws.

Classification of state programs

State programs Can be classified for various reasons:

• On the direction and source of allocation of funding (federal, regional, municipal);
• On the level of solved problems (interbranch, sectoral, local);
• On the nature of the problems to be solved (integrated, research, socio-economic, scientific and technical, etc.);
• By terms of implementation (short-term, medium-term, long-term).

Trends in recent years are such that the state program is aimed not only at one level of solving the problem, for example, federal, but also local or even in some cases local. Therefore, simultaneously with the program of the federal level of implementation, a regional program is being developed taking into account local features and problems.

Stages of development of state programs

Part of any state program is a thorough study of its regulatory and legal component. Any activity, a subprogram is supported by a legal basis. It should be noted that the purpose and content of the program can not violate, enter into contradicting with the basic laws and regulations of the country, violate someone's rights and freedoms.

The process, content and status of the state program are established taking into account existing legislative and regulatory acts, legislative and executive authorities, scientific and public organizations and associations take part in their development.

It is inadmissible to include in the main provisions and content of the program formulations containing vested interests.

State programs in their development undergo several interrelated stages:

1. Identifying the problem. In order for the program to have a right to exist, it is necessary to give a justification of its significance and to identify the content of the problem that must be solved by software methods;
2. Concept development. The concept is an integral part of any program, it is necessary to formulate it and justify the most effective options, ways or ways of solving the problem;
3. Preparation of proposals. At this stage, careful consideration is given to specific proposals for resolving the problem, a task group is determined and financial and economic analysis is given;
4. Decision-making. The Government of the Russian Federation or other authorized body decide on the start of the program development process.
5. Create a project. Organizational work begins on the development of the draft program, objectives and tasks, stages and terms of implementation, resources and executors are formulated;
6. Development of events. The content of the program, a preliminary budget application, and a business plan are directly drawn up;
7. Expertise. Taking into account the type and nature of the program, expertise is being carried out: economic, legal, technical, etc. The draft program is coordinated with ministries, departments, state authorities of the entities involved in its implementation.

The life cycle of the developed program

After carrying out the examination, making corrections, the draft state program passes several life cycles:

• Decision of the state authority. The government of the Russian Federation, the ministry or other authorized authority declares the official document to start the program;
• Implementation. Appoints responsible for the implementation of the program sections, is monitored for the event and the use of funding. If necessary, a decision is made to adjust it;
• In the process of implementing the program, funding is made only in accordance with the budget application.
• Evaluation of results and effectiveness.

Implementation of state assistance programs

State aid programs are becoming more and more in demand. Monitoring of social problems makes it possible to identify priority areas of work. For example, for several years the program "Promotion of employment of the population" (since 2012), which aims at providing institutional, legal and economic conditions for the effective development of the labor market. The results of the program should be to reduce tensions in the field of employment, preserve the skills and health of workers, protect their labor rights.

No less relevant is the program "Social support of citizens", designed to improve the forms and methods of social assistance to various categories of people in need, improve the level of welfare of the population, fulfill state obligations for social services and support citizens.

Implementation of educational programs

State educational programs are a mechanism for reforming this field. One of them - "Development of Education" - was developed until 2020. Due to the planned activities it is planned to achieve the development of all levels of education, make it accessible and quality, develop a system of quality assessments. The tasks include also optimization of educational management mechanisms, creation of network data exchange between educational institutions. Employees should be provided with the necessary information, educational, methodical tools for working with students - these are also key activities that the state program implies. Education is a chance for the younger generation to secure a good future for themselves.

Implementation of health programs

State medical programs are designed to solve the acute problems in the sphere of protecting the health of Russian citizens. Since 2012, the "State program of development of public health services in Russia". According to the developers, it represents completely different approaches to improving the infrastructure, creating a unified professional environment, increasing the efficiency and quality of medical care, and training. In addition to it, the program of state guarantees was approved, Whose essence Is to create conditions for the free provision of medical care to citizens. Within the framework of the events, a list of conditions, forms and types of medical assistance is approved, a list of diseases in which medical assistance is provided free of charge is developed, tariffs are formed. It was approved for 2014 and planned 2015-2016.

Implementation of programs in the field of economics

State economic programs taking into account financial instability and crisis become significant means of Russia's exit from difficult situations.

Since 2013, the program "Economic development and innovative economy" has been put in place, aimed at the state regulation, the solution of priority tasks in the sphere of socially-oriented and innovative development of the economy. At the moment it is planned to create favorable conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, to ensure the growth of the effectiveness of state forms of management, to attract additional investments in the development of the economy. Another program - "Development of foreign economic activity" for 2013-2018. - is aimed at strengthening Russian positions in the global economy, improving the quality of performance in the foreign economic environment.

Other types of government programs

State development programs have about 40 titles. Each meets the current needs of the macro and microeconomic levels of the state's development, is aimed at addressing urgent problems in narrow spheres of the national economy and Russian society: ecology, nature management, military service, law enforcement, Internet, forestry, etc. For example, Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 "measures are implemented to achieve product independence of the state, higher uw competitiveness of national products and the development of financial stability. The program "Reproduction and use of natural resources" is aimed at organizing the rational use of the country's natural resources, supplying the economy with mineral raw materials and searching for information about the location of rich mineral deposits.

Program Effectiveness Factors

The implementation of the state program is not without Development, and formulation of evaluation tools to determine its effectiveness. The parameters of the developed state program should be reflected in the forecast of the economic and social development of the state for the medium-term period. Their integrated nature assumes that at the stage of developing the federal budget, appropriate conditions are envisaged that are considered as components of the effectiveness and effectiveness of budget programs.

Factors ensuring the effectiveness of the state program:

• Clarity of the main objective of sub-program subgoals;
• The presence of a logical structure;
• Distribution of responsibility for the implementation of the planned activities of the state program of each ministry involved in implementation;
• Creation of a system of incentives for the achieved indicators.

Program performance criteria

The main criteria for the effectiveness of the process of implementing budget programs are:

1. Economical: to achieve the minimum possible costs for all types used by the program, resources.
2. Productivity: establishing the ratio of the number of works performed to the amount spent on this money.
3. Effectiveness: the completeness of the fulfillment of the goals set, the correspondence of the sizes of public expenditures and the results obtained with their use.

It should be noted that, in addition to the general criteria for a particular type of program (social, medical, economic, environmental, etc.), specific indicators are being developed that meet the stated goal. If the results of the evaluation of effectiveness were obtained worthy results, then the program can be extended for a certain period, but only after making appropriate adjustments.