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The drug "Novokain": instructions for use, price. Novocain in pregnancy

Novokain is an effective analgesic. The medication is included in the list of the most important medical devices.

Pharmacological properties of Novokain

The instructions for use indicate that the medicine has local anesthetic moderate activity, is widely used in medical practice. Novokain, which is a weak base, blocks sodium channels, preventing the development and spread of nerve impulses in nerve fibers and endings. When taking the medicine, the effect potentials in the nerve cells change, but there is no significant effect on rest potentials. The medicine suppresses the spread of painful impulses.

During absorption and upon ingestion into the blood directly with intravenous administration, the excitability of the cholinergic peripheral systems decreases, the reproduction and release from the preganglionic endings of acetylcholine decreases. Medication Novokain (instructions for use tells about this) eliminates spasms of smooth muscles, reduces excitability of the motor zone in the cortex of the brain and myocardium.

At intravenous use the solution has antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, anti-shocks, analgesic effect, raises the refractory period, significantly reduces conduction, automatism and excitability. With the use of large doses, there may be a violation of nervous muscle conduction, convulsions are observed.

The medicine removes the inhibitory descending effects of the brainstem, and has a depressing effect on polysynaptic reflexes. It has short-term anesthetic activity. The action of infiltration anesthesia lasts from 30 minutes to 1 hour. Novokain solution, introduced intramuscularly by an elderly patient in the early stages of pathology, allows one to effectively combat diseases associated with impaired functioning of the nervous system, spasms of coronary and cerebral vessels, and arterial hypertension.

The drug is poorly absorbed through the mucous membranes. When injections are carried out, the active substance enters the bloodstream faster, is hydrolyzed by esterases of tissues and plasma, forming two main active metabolites: PABA (antagonists of chemotherapeutic sulfanilamide drugs) and diethylaminoethanol (having vasodilating moderate action). It is excreted mainly by kidneys in the form of metabolites.

Composition and form of Novokain

A drug is produced in the form of a solution for injections, which is a clear, colorless liquid, in ampoules ranging from 1 to 20 ml. The percentage of the active component in them is 0.25 and 0.5. In addition, they produce one- and two-percent solution of Novokain. The price of this form is about 15 rubles.

The powder is also popular, as well as a sterile solution of medicament, poured into bottles with a volume of 0.2 and 0.4 liters. For treatment of many diseases ointment of 5 and 10 percent and suppositories containing 0.1 gram of active ingredient (procaine hydrochloride), as well as auxiliary components - vitepsol or solid fat, are used. In 1 ml of the solution the active substance is contained in a volume of 0.005 g, additional components are hydrochloric acid and water for injection.

Indications for use

The drug "Novokain" instructions for use recommends prescribing for performing retrobulbar, terminal, spinal, conduction, epidural, infiltration anesthesia. With the help of medication, a vagosympathetic and paranephalic cervical blockade is performed. The use of suppositories is effective for analgesia in case of fissures in the anus and hemorrhoids. The use of the ointment is due to the symptoms of neurodermatitis, eczema, itching dermatosis.

Medication Novokain: instructions for use

The injections of adult patients as infiltration anesthesia are made in the volume of 300-600 mg (0.25-0.5% solution).

Steep creeping infiltration according to Vishnevsky's method is performed by introducing a 0.25% solution in an amount of 125 ml. Epidural anesthesia is done with a 2% solution of Novocain. Instructions are recommended for use in a dosage of 25 ml. Spinal anesthesia is obtained by means of 2-3 ml of a 5% drug. In otolaryngological practice, a 10% solution of the drug is used for local anesthesia.

To increase the duration of the drug and reduce its absorption, as well as with local anesthesia, Novokain is diluted with a solution of epinephrine hydrochloride. To perform electrophoresis, a 10% drug is recommended. In adrenal tissue during the Vishnevsky blockade, 60 or 120 ml of a 0.5 or 0.25% solution, respectively, should be administered. Vagosympathetic blockade is performed by injecting 100 ml of the preparation with a 0.25% concentration.

Despite contraindications, injections of Novocain to children are often prescribed as an anesthetic during the introduction of other medications. Dosage is calculated based on the weight of the child (not more than 15 mg per kilogram).

Rectal suppositories are used after a previously performed cleansing of the intestine with an enema or in a natural way. With skin pathologies, the ointment is applied a thin layer on the affected skin up to twice in knocks.

Side effects

Novokain (application instruction warns about this) can cause negative reactions of the body.

The central and peripheral nervous system react to the medication with headache, weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, motor anxiety, convulsions. In some cases, there are tremors, loss of consciousness, trismus, hearing and vision impairment, paresthesia, leg paralysis, nystagmus. In addition, respiratory paralysis, blockage of the respiratory muscles may occur.

From the cardiovascular system, there is a change in blood pressure, there is pain in the chest, arrhythmia, bradycardia, collapse, peripheral vasodilation.

The urinary and digestive systems respond to the use of the drug by involuntary urination, defecation, vomiting and nausea.

From the side of the circulatory system, side effects are methemoglobinemia. In addition, the medicine can cause allergic manifestations:

  • Urticaria;
  • Anaphylactic reactions ;
  • Skin rash;
  • Itching.

Other negative reactions include persistent anesthesia, impotence, hypothermia, pain return. During anesthesia in dentistry, lengthening of anesthesia, paresthesia and insensibility of the tongue and lips are observed.

Overdose

To use Novokain, a prescription specifying the treatment regimen should be prescribed by the doctor. If the prescriptions are not respected, signs of overdose may appear. Symptoms of excessive use of medication are blanching of the mucous membranes and skin integuments, methemoglobinemia, apnea, a sharp drop in pressure, tachycardia, rapid breathing, vomiting, cold sweats, nausea, dizziness. In patients, there is a feeling of fear, motor excitement, convulsions, hallucinations. To eliminate the manifestations of an overdose, it is necessary to perform pulmonary ventilation with oxygen inhalations, in difficult cases prescribe symptomatic and detoxification therapy.

Contraindications

Not all patients can use the drug. When anesthesia is performed using the creeping infiltrate technique, the use of the drug in cases of fibrous tissue changes is prohibited. Subarachnoidal anesthesia can not be performed with septicemia, shock conditions, hypotension, bleeding. It is not recommended to engage in informal treatment, for example, to compress with Novokain.

With caution use the drug during surgery in patients who have acute blood loss, kidney failure; At conditions accompanied by a decrease in hepatic blood supply, progressive cardiac and vascular insufficiency; Infection of injection sites; With inflammatory pathologies. Under special medical control, it is necessary to use the medicine during labor, to severe and debilitated patients, to elderly people and children to adulthood.

With the joint use of the drug with anticoagulants (drugs "Danaparoid", "Warfarin", "Ardeparin", "Dalteparin", "Enoxaparin", "Heparin"), the risk of bleeding increases. Lowering of pressure and bradycardia are observed with simultaneous administration of medication with medicines "Trimetafan", "Mekamilamin", "Guanadrel", "Guanethidine". An increase in the local anesthetic effect is caused by the funds "Epinephrine", "Methoxamine", "Phenylephrine".

Application Features

Before you dilute Novokain and make an injection, you must necessarily determine the individual sensitivity of the body to the medication. To do this, a skin test is performed, and if there is redness and swelling, you can judge the individual failure to take the remedy.

During treatment, it is necessary to monitor the functioning of the cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems. To reduce the systemic exposure, toxicity and increase the duration of the drug during local anesthesia, "Lidocaine" or "Novocaine" drugs are used in conjunction with vasoconstrictors. To do this, one drop of the solution of epinephrine hydrochloride is added to 3 ml of Novokain medicament.

The higher the concentration of the solution used, the more toxic the preparation is. To reduce the strength of its effects, it is recommended to reduce the total dosage or dilute the medication to a lower concentration. This is done with a sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution.

To prevent the appearance of a hypersensitivity reaction at the initial stages of treatment, 2 ml of a 2% solution is administered, and after three days (if there are no side effects), the dose is raised to 3 ml, after which the use of a full volume is 5 ml per injection.

During outpatient therapy, it is required to refuse to drive a car and carry out activities associated with increased attention, speed of motor and mental reactions.

Interaction with other drugs

With intravenous administration, the drug increases the inhibitory effect on the nervous system of sedative, hypnotics, drugs used for general anesthesia, tranquilizers and narcotic analgesics. The medication lengthens the action of the muscular, nervous blockade caused by suxamethonium. The risk of hypotension increases with the joint use of Novocain with MAO inhibitors).

Anticholinesterase drugs increase the toxicity of the drug, inhibit its hydrolysis. Paraaminobenzoic acid, which is a metabolite of the drug, weakens the antimicrobial effect of sulfanilamide preparations, since it acts as their competitive antagonist. The likelihood of developing local reactions in the form of edema and soreness increases when the injection site of the local anesthetic is treated with disinfectant solutions containing heavy metals.

Use of Novokain during pregnancy

During the period of gestation, many women face the need for dental treatment or various unpleasant symptoms, such as back pain. In dentistry, the Novokain remedy is most often used for anesthesia. The use of the drug in such situations is permissible. It is only necessary to inform the doctor about pregnancy, so that he can use the medicine taking into account this situation. In case of toxicosis taking place with a change in blood pressure, Novokain medicament is also allowed. In pregnancy, its use is possible only with increased pressure after preliminary consultation with the doctor.

The remedy facilitates the work of the heart and has a relaxing effect on the musculature. With pain signs in the stomach that are associated with peptic ulcer, it is recommended to use suppositories. Normalize the pressure with hemorrhoids can also be using candles. The drug "Novocaine" during pregnancy is used only as prescribed by the doctor, self-medication is unacceptable! The specialist will calculate the necessary dose and frequency of admission, analyzing the indicators of the course of pregnancy. Suppositories are used twice a day, after having cleansed the body with an enema.

The price and analogues of Novokain

The cost of Novokain (the price may differ slightly in individual pharmacies) in ampoules (0.5%) is 22 rubles. For a bottle of a solution of 0.25% (200 ml) or rectal suppositories it is necessary to give 27 rubles. Structural analogues of the active substance are medicines:

  • "Procaine hydrochloride".
  • "Novocaine base."
  • Novokain-Vial.
  • "Novokain Bufus."

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