The concept of the analyzer includes the following components ... Definition of the term and typical features of the structure

Every moment, a person perceives information from the environment through a special system called the "analyzer." It includes several components, the activities of which are closely interrelated.

What is the analyzer

From the point of view of biology, all human sensory systems are called analyzers. These are physiological apparatuses that are capable of perceiving various types of energy, which subsequently turn into nerve impulses. As a rule, each of the analyzers perceives only a certain type of information. In humans, they are represented by five sensory systems: visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and taste. There is an opinion about the presence of a "sixth sense" - intuition. However, until now, scientists have not established its mechanism of action and organizational features. The term "analyzer" includes the following components: peripheral, conductor and central department. Let's consider features of each of them.

Irritability

Each sensor system is capable of perceiving and analyzing only certain information. Although, of course, there are mixed feelings. The term "analyzer" includes the following components, which are represented by various stimuli. Their main property is a high level of specificity. This means that their action extends only to a certain type of analyzer.

Receptors

So, the concept of "analyzer" includes the following components: the receptor and the information transfer system. The initial department of any sensory system consists of sensitive cells. They are able to perceive various types of energy. Later they are transformed into nerve impulses. It is in this form that information is transferred to the subsequent departments and processed. Depending on the type of energy, several types of receptors are distinguished. They are able to perceive light radiation, air vibrations, touch, the action of chemicals.

Conducting department

The conductive part of sensory systems consists of nerve fibers that transmit an electrical impulse. This is the second department, which the concept of "analyzer" includes. The following components are directly involved in processing the information received.

Central Department

The term "analyzer" includes the following components of the central part: subcortical centers and parts of the terminal brain. It is here that synthesis and analysis of excitation occurs. As a result, the corresponding reactions of the body are formed, information about which is transmitted through the nerve fibers back to the working organ.

Analyzer property

Despite the variety of sensory systems, they have common signs. One of them is adaptation, which consists in their ability to adapt to different intensities of the action of the stimulus. If it acts more strongly, the sensitivity of the receptors increases, and vice versa. For example, the visual sensory system is able to perceive equally well the image of objects located at different distances. This ability is called accommodation. Also the eye is able to adapt to darkness or bright light.

So, the concept of "analyzer" includes the following components: peripheral, conductor and central departments. In this sequence, they perceive various types of information from the environment, convert it into nerve impulses and transfer them to the appropriate parts of the brain. Here the information is analyzed, the response is formed, due to which the organism quickly orientates in the constantly changing external environment.