Self-repair of the perforator. Repair of the perforator with your own hands

A modern set of repair and construction equipment is difficult to imagine without such an important tool as a puncher. The principle of its operation is based on the functions of a conventional electric drill, which are extended by the return-shock capabilities. For them, a special mechanism is responsible, which transforms the rotational movements of the shaft into shock. If repair of the puncher is required, this node most often fails because it is subject to increased loads.

Features of the perforator design

Shock function in the electric perforator is provided by a special pneumomechanical unit. However, there are also models of perforators, in which a mechanical or electrical system responds to a blow. It should be noted that these tools are inferior in accuracy and performance to electric punchers with pneumatic strike forming system.

The design of the puncher has its own characteristics, one of which is the use of extra-strong drills instead of conventional drills. Due to the special form, the drill is able to withstand greater longitudinal loads than a drill with a drill mechanism. The drill has no sharp cutting edge on the working end - it is replaced by a carbide tip. Meanwhile, the design of the drill provides for spiral longitudinal grooves, similar to the grooves of conventional drills. However, they are intended for the removal of crushed waste material during the drilling of the hole. To this end, the perforator drill performs, in addition to the reciprocals, rotational movements around its own longitudinal axis, which also contribute to the straightness and alignment of the drill in the material.

The cartridge and shank of the drill are constructed in such a way that it is not fixed rigidly, but has some freedom of longitudinal motion. This is done in order to prevent the loss of kinetic energy of the impact to disperse the cartridge, increase the productivity of the work and reduce the vibration level of the perforator.

Strong pollination is one of the main causes of tool failure, and the cartridge, in addition to the heavy load, also takes on the bulk of the dust. In order to repair the chuck of the puncher has not turned into a chronic problem, it must be periodically cleaned of dust and dirt. Gas flushing or compressed air cleaning is recommended . After cleaning, all elements of the cartridge should be re-greased.

Punch reducer

The gearbox transmits torque from the engine to the percussion hammer mechanism. It is a set of cylindrical, conical and worm gears. The speed of rotation of the cartridge and the number of strokes vary with the help of electronic controls. There are also models equipped with a two-speed reducer.

The gear unit must be periodically greased, and for this purpose it is recommended to use greases. They are charged when assembling, maintaining or repairing a perforator gearbox.

The main causes of breakdowns

As already mentioned, one of the main causes of breakdowns of most knots of the perforator is a strong dusting. For example, the cooling of the collector motor produces a fan that, together with air, delivers dust particles to the engine. As a result of friction of these particles on the anchor and stator, these mechanisms quickly wear out.

If the tool does not turn on, one of the reasons may be damage to the winding, then the repair of the puncher is inevitable - you will have to rewind the stator and the armature.

Also, frequent breakdowns are associated with mechanical punch units. Most models are equipped with mechanisms for switching modes of operation (rotation, combat, rotation with combat). If at least one of these functions has ceased to work, it is most likely that the switch is to blame. To solve the problem, the tool must be disassembled.

Repair the puncher with your own hands: is it worth the risk?

Most users are convinced of the inexpediency of repairing cheap models of punchers. This skepticism is due to the imperfection of the design of inexpensive, as a rule, Chinese models. But if some minor detail has broken down, this does not mean that you should immediately run to the store for a new tool. Now it is possible to easily purchase all kinds of spare parts for any models of punchers.
Another reason for not wanting to repair a perforator with your own hands is the fear of not understanding the complex mechanism. Of course, such fears have grounds. After all, if the user does not know the perfection of a perforator device, it will be impossible for him to repair himself. In this case, of course, it makes sense to turn to a specialized workshop. Be that as it may, do not hurry to put a cross on your instrument, since any repairs will be cheaper than a new punch.

Disassembly Procedure

If you still decided to repair the puncher on your own, then disassemble the instrument in the following order:

• Carefully remove the shift lever.
• Disconnect the rubber cap.
• Disassemble the cartridge: remove the brushes, unscrew the screws and disconnect the case.
• Perform inspection, clean the parts, replace the faulty elements (brushes, bearings, gears, anchors or others), lubricate all friction components (do not use SHRUS type lubricants).

Assemble the tool in the reverse order.

Symptoms of malfunctions

But how do you know that you need to repair a puncher? Of course, the easiest sign is the impossibility of turning on the instrument. However, do not ignore any other, even minor changes in the device. This, for example, can be changes in sounds at idle or during work, sparks from the motor, smoke, the smell of burning, jerking of the working organs, sudden periodic stops, etc. symptoms. All this indicates problems that must be eliminated immediately to avoid global breakdowns and costly repairs.