Mushrooms of Belarus: description and photo

Mushrooms are a generous gift of nature, a forest miracle. People have long been collecting and eating mushrooms. Scientists are studying the useful properties of our forest "friends." And the cooks invent new recipes for their preparation. Mushrooms in Belarus today are divided into two groups: edible and inedible. Now in the country there are 200 species of mushrooms that can be eaten. Let's consider them in detail in the article below.

The first mushrooms of the year

The season of mushroom picking in Belarus begins early: in April-May. Begin to warm the first rays of the tender spring sun, the trunks of birches are poured with juice. It is at this time that you can harvest the first harvest of mushrooms. What kind of fungi grow in Belarus in the early spring? It's morels and lines. When the kidneys of the birches swell and turn red, and the earrings of the aspen are bloated, you can safely look for the mushrooms "snowdrops" in the forest. They grow on the slopes of ravines, forest glades and felling, old burned houses and abandoned roads of the forest. The stitches have a brown color, they are soft, velvety to the touch. Their smell is pleasant. Their shape is squat, the top of the cap is folded. Smorchki have an olive-brown color, their hats are sharp. Early Belarus fungi have such forms for a reason. The design helps to absorb more heat and the first sunlight.

What kind of mushrooms can be collected in May and early June?

The next season of mushroom hunting in the republic falls at the end of May - the beginning of June. At this time the ashberry blossoms and rye starts to ripen. Mushrooms at this time a little, but you can find them. Fungi of Belarus grow in the brightest places of the forest in the beginning of summer: the edges, glades, in the young forests where dense vegetation has not yet formed. At this time, there is no need to expect a plentiful harvest, since heat is not enough yet, although there is plenty of moisture in the earth. Mushrooms of the beginning of summer are usually called "scouts": they get out of the ground to check whether it is warm in the forest, whether it is already possible to grow massively. This time of mushroom growth is short, it lasts about two weeks. What kinds of fungi are relevant in Belarus at this time? Maslata, russula, mosses, you can meet and white mushrooms.

What kind of mushrooms are collected during the flowering of rye?

The middle of June is a good time for harvesting. During the flowering of rye in the forest, you can find the boarocks. After the flowering of the lilies of the valley, it is time to gather chanterelles. They are unpretentious: they grow on any soil, in mixed, coniferous and deciduous forests. The main thing is that there is enough moisture in the soil. Also in June, there are boletus, swine and mushrooms. When rye blooms and comes the time of harvesting strawberries, there are wheelers. They grow along the country roads, under birches and oaks. In birch forests they grow whole families. When the first harvest of the co-workers departs, they migrate from the hot rays of the coming summer into the lowlands. They also grow closer to the swamps, hiding in their tall grass and moist soil. After thunderstorms and rains, the time comes for mosses and colored russules. These mushrooms are very much in the forests, they do not hide and are always visible to the naked eye. Their hats are bright: yellow, green, orange. That's what pleases the true mushroomer!

Edible fungi of Belarus in the second decade of July

When the hot season of haymaking is left behind, the linden starts to bloom, the second season of harvesting oily, sub-buffalo, boletus and white mushrooms comes. At that moment the species diversity of fungi is large, but the yield is small. It is explained by weather conditions. In order for mushrooms to grow massively in the second decade of July, a certain temperature of the air and unavoidable rains are necessary. Norm of precipitation should not be exceeded. For about two weeks, mushroom pickers can walk through the forest in search of a crop, then they again wait for a lull. But last summer month pleases mushroom pickers really! This is the golden time for harvesting. In August, quiet hunters are waiting for the largest and most diverse harvest of mushrooms. During the summer the earth warmed up, the mycelium grew strong and grew. The fogs of August are a clear signal for the start of the season of this collection.

Mushroom picking in August - golden time

Mushrooms - "fallen leaves" - this is the third season of the harvest. Swine, boletus, birch bark in large numbers are found in the forests of Belarus. But new species of fungi appear that do not occur until August. These are such edible mushrooms of Belarus as redheads, freckles. Very pleased with mushroom pickers such gifts of the forest.

The first to appear in August are usually the boletus. White leg and red hat are visible from afar, because these mushrooms are not hiding. A red cap occurs in a fungus growing under an aspen or on a well-moistened soil. If he grew up in a clearing or a forest road, his hat will be dark, and the leg is thick. If he appeared in the birch forest, where the fir and pine are found, - his cap will have a yellowish-red hue, and a thick leg - scales. And finally, the boletus, grown in a pine-birch forest with high soil moisture, will have a white hat.

Where do boletus grow?

Boroviki are recognized kings of the forest. They can grow in any forest in groups or alone. Particularly fond of mushrooms of Belarus forests are places where there are blueberries, lingonberries, fly agarics. Like mushrooms and a lot of anthills. If the boletus has grown in a fir grove, then it is a strong mushroom brown with bright spots. In the pine forest, he is another - dark, sometimes the hat even has a purple tide. Birches and oaks grow mushrooms with a long stem, strong flesh and a light brown cap. Their legs are longer than those of other mushrooms.

What to collect in Belarus by the end of August?

Podberezoviki appear in the forests of the republic at the end of August. Depending on the place of growth, the shape of the fungus also changes. In the damp places of the forest the podberozovik will have a white foot and a dark gray bonnet. If the collection of mushrooms in Belarus goes in dry forests, then the specimens are usually velvety. If the pads are picked in a clearing, the color of their hats will be almost black, and the leg is thick. This poderezozovik even resembles a white fungus. Near the marshes and in damp birch forests grows obobok, having a greenish or white stem. This fungus is also known as marsh-marmot. In August, late buttermilk grow in the deciduous and coniferous forests.

Mushrooms of Belarus, growing with the onset of the first cold weather

As the nights get colder, and the trees are dressed in a colorful autumn outfit, the growth of real furs begins. They surround the stump and climb it. People joke about the fact that they are cold on the ground, and they try to climb on still warm stumps. Often a huge amount of snow can be found on the trunks of weak trees, or even just on bare ground. The second season of real fad goes from September to the most frosts.

Mushroom picking in September

The most beautiful month of the year in the republic is September. Fallen yellow and red leaves, a fairy-tale carpet adorning the earth, make it difficult for mushroom pickers to search for trophies. Mushrooms of Belarus, massively going in September, are freckles, swine, and mushrooms. By the way, under the condition of warm weather, freckles can go on massively in October, during the Indian summer. In September, the mushrooms again migrate from the lowlands to high places, because the heat has again become inadequate. They appear at the glades, on clearings, roads, hide in moss. For a very long time there is a collection of obobkov in birch forests, until the last leaves from the birches fall. From the second decade of September, oyster mushrooms appear in the forest. Their collection takes a long time, until October. Most often they can be found on stumps. Oyster mushrooms and honey mushrooms can grow up to the first snow. At the same time during the thaw, these mushrooms resume growth, remaining as tasty.

Which mushrooms should not be collected?

Unfortunately, poisonous mushrooms in Belarus also grow, however, as elsewhere. They contain harmful substances that do not disappear during heat treatment. It is very important to know which mushrooms are inedible, because their use in food can cause severe poisoning and even death. Especially dangerous are mushrooms that are similar to edible - their "counterparts":

• The bile fungus is very similar to white. The second name is a false boletus. If you can not understand what kind of mushroom is in front of you, cut his hat off. If the flesh on the eyes acquires a shade of pink, then the fungus is inedible.
• Pale toadstool is a plate-shaped fungus, having a hemispherical hat of light green, olive or slightly gray color. Leg is cylindrical, slightly thickens below. It happens that mushroom pickers confuse a toadstool with a champignon.
  If you see lamellar thickening on the fungus - it is toxic.
• Lozhnoopenok - grows on rotten trunks, stumps and near them. Its main difference from edible openka is the color of the plates. Edible mushroom has a plate of olive or whitish color, in falconry they are dark.
• Peppermint is a poisonous double of an oil can. His hat is brown, round-convex. When the forest is wet or rainy, the hat is covered with mucus, which should not happen with a genuine buttercup. The fungus's pulp becomes red when it is broken.
• The false chanterelle grows in coniferous forests on stumps and tree trunks. Can grow by families and singly. Hat plates have a color brighter than the body. This sign distinguishes the poisonous fungus from the edible.

Mushrooms in Belarus today please "quiet" hunters with their quantity and species diversity. Each mushroom season of the year bears something special and unique. The article describes the order of occurrence of fungi in the Republic of Belarus from the earliest spring to the first frosts. But do not forget that the weather often makes its own adjustments to the mushroom calendar. In cool weather mushrooms grow more slowly, in a warm, but not hot crop of them is abundant. And after a good rainfall with a drop in temperature in the forest, the mushrooms will reach for light and heat. Remember this when you go on a forest walk with a bow in your hands.