Which mushrooms are edible? What edible mushrooms are harvested in the fall?

As soon as the snow melts, many mushrooms appear in all forests, meadows and along roads. They grow from May to October, pleasing the fans of "quiet hunting" with their diversity. Many mushrooms are useful and very nutritious. But everyone knows how dangerous it is to poison them. Therefore, only knowing which edible mushrooms you can go to collect them. And it is desirable that a knowledgeable person should teach you, because depending on the soil, weather conditions and surrounding vegetation, the same fungus can look different. In addition, not all of them are suitable for food.

What are the mushrooms

About three thousand saprophytes grow on the territory of our country. And in food you can eat only 200 of them. Everyone who wants to eat this delicious and nutritious product, must know which mushrooms are edible. To do this, you must first get acquainted with what they generally are:

1. Edible - these are those that are used for food without prolonged food processing. They have a pleasant smell and great nutritional value.

2. Conditionally edible mushrooms can be eaten, but beforehand they are soaked or boiled for a long time. They may have an unpleasant odor or bitter taste, which disappears after soaking. Despite this, many of them are very popular, such as mushrooms.

3. Inedible mushrooms are those that can not be poisoned, but they can not be eaten because of a sharp odor, acrid taste, too small size or unsuitable consistency. These include, for example, mitseny, peppermint , tinder, or dog fungus.

4. Poisonous mushrooms can not be eaten under any conditions. They can cause poisoning right up to a lethal outcome. Death mainly occurs due to toxic damage to the liver or kidneys. Some species show their toxic qualities only after many years, for example, swine.

5. To hallucinogenic fungi also include hallucinogens. They cause visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions. But such mushrooms can also be non-hazardous.

Characteristics of edible fungi

- Have a pleasant smell.

"They are delicious, and many of them are considered a delicacy."

- Do not contain poisonous and toxic substances, are suitable for consumption without previous prolonged soaking or boiling.

- They have high nutritional value: they contain a lot of protein and useful microelements.

- Many species are grown in kitchen gardens or on special plantations.

What are edible mushrooms

Sometimes it is possible to meet the division of all saprophytes used for food into four groups:

1. The most valuable mushrooms, having a pleasant taste and high nutritional properties. These include a white fungus and a real mushroom.

2. Less valuable for nutritional and taste qualities: boletus, podberozoviki, oily and mushrooms.

3. Even less valuable, requiring a longer heat treatment, sometimes possessing acrid milk-and-milk juice: mushrooms, mosses, russules, morels, mushrooms, chanterelles and others.

4. Little known species and rarely collected: umbrellas, creak, oyster mushrooms, raincoats and others.

What edible mushrooms are harvested in autumn

When the summer heat drops and the land becomes damp, the best time for mushrooms comes. Since September and before the first frosts, mushroom pickers go to the forest not to look for them, but to collect them. In the first month of autumn, almost all kinds of edible mushrooms can be found , they are stronger at this time and are not affected by pests. And in October and November they are getting smaller. And at this time on the "quiet hunt" are those who know what edible mushrooms are collected in the fall. They can be divided into two groups:

1. Those that grow up to the first frost. These are porcini mushrooms, butter mushrooms, birch bark, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms and russules.

2. Those that grow even with the appearance of frost, sometimes until December. These are mushrooms, such as rowers, honey agarics, green fox, garlic and chanterelles.

How to pick mushrooms

On the "quiet hunt" is to go only when you know which mushrooms are edible. Photos of them do not always help to imagine how they actually look. There are many twins, inedible or even poisonous. In addition, the same fungus on different soils and at different times of the year can look different. Therefore, it is advisable to first go with a knowledgeable person who is well versed in what kind of mushrooms are edible. But in general on "quiet hunting" it is necessary to adhere to several simple rules:

- do not collect mushrooms near roads, factories or in the city;

- never take a mushroom if you are not sure if it is edible;

- do not take old, wormy mushrooms;

- it is advisable not to collect them in rainy weather;

- it is best to cut the mushrooms with a knife and put them in a basket of rods;

- do not tear down or shoot down the fly agarics and toadstools.

Even if you know which mushrooms are edible for a person, you can not be sure that they are poisonous to you, they are inedible for forest dwellers.

Can I poison myself with edible mushrooms

Saprophytes are very variable. One fungus can possess several variants of shape, size, color. You need to take only those in which you are completely sure. But sometimes even people who know what kind of edible mushrooms they put unfamiliar or little-known species in the basket, hoping that they will later sort them out and take a close look. This can not be done, because even a small piece of toadstool, caught in a saucepan with russets, can cause severe poisoning. When you can poison yourself with edible mushrooms:

- in violation of the rules for their transportation, preparation and storage;

- with the use of overripe, wormy or diseased mushrooms;

- some have an allergic reaction to any saprophytes; To such people, even if they know which edible mushrooms to collect and use for food can not be;

- in the collection of mushrooms in industrial areas, near roads, burial grounds or in fields treated with pesticides - because of the ability of fungi to absorb all substances from air and land in such places, even the edible fungus can become poisonous.

Now you can find a lot of information about what kind of edible mushrooms are. But you need to choose books with the color photos and a detailed description of each fungus and its twins. And it's even better to take the knowledgeable mushroomer with you to the "quiet hunt" for the first time, who would tell you which mushrooms you can take to avoid poisoning.