Education, Secondary education and schools
Muscle synergists: examples and description
All the physical actions that a person performs are accomplished by the muscles. All of them are divided into several groups and are called synergists, agonists, antagonists, pronators, supinators. Muscles move in all joints, keep the body in a vertical position, provide movement of hands and feet.
What muscles synergists, and which agonists and antagonists, can be understood if we recall what they perform functions and where they are.
The second group is an arbitrary musculature. It consists of more than 600 muscles, and they can be reduced by the will of consciousness. These include the superficial musculature of the human body (except the heart).
Functions
According to the functions performed, all muscles perform the following types of movements: flexion, extension, withdrawal, reduction, pronation, supination.
Each action is provided by the operation of several muscle fibers. They can interact with each other and work in concert.
Virtually all muscles are attached to one or more joints. Due to this property, their movement is ensured.
Usually the flexors are in front (it's the biceps, the rectus abdominis, the delta), extensors from behind (triceps, extensors of the back, gluteus muscles). The exception is knee and ankle joints. Here the muscles are opposite, the quadriceps in front, the hamstrings in the back.
The muscles that provide the movement of the outflow are located outside the joint (the median bundle of the delta, the middle gluteal gland), and the reduction is inside (the muscles of the thigh).
Rotation is performed by muscles located diagonally or across the vertical axis.
Interaction
No physical exercise or action is performed in isolation by one muscle. Several muscular fibers always take part in the work.
Depending on the type of interaction, several groups are distinguished: muscle synergists, agonists, antagonists. Rotation is provided by pronators (rotation inside) and insteps (outside).
If several muscles are involved in the movement and they perform the action together (for example, flexion), then they are called agonist muscles.
The muscles involved in the opposite action are called antagonists.
Muscle synergists are single muscles that perform a joint action with others in one particular movement.
Let's consider an example. Muscle synergists are involved in traction. Some of them work together and pull in one direction, while others make another move, stabilize the thrust of the opposite direction.
To understand which muscles are agonists, and which antagonists, you need to remember their main groups.
Muscles of the human body
The whole body of a person can be divided into several groups. These muscles of the trunk, head, upper and lower limbs. They can arbitrarily contract, performing some action.
The body can be divided into muscles:
- Neck - participate in the movement of the head;
- Breasts - large and small pectoral, intercostal muscles;
- Abdomen - straight, external and internal oblique;
- Backs - trapezoidal, broadest.
It is worth noting yet another muscle of the trunk - the diaphragm. It divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities, participates in breathing.
The muscles of the upper limb are the biceps and triceps.
Muscles of the lower limb - quadriceps, hamstrings.
These muscles are not all, but only the largest. With their help, one can understand the mechanism of work of agonists and antagonists.
Antagonists
This group includes:
- Biceps - triceps;
- Chest - back;
- Bicep of the thigh - quadriceps;
- Muscle, straightening the spine - the rectus abdominis muscle.
In these pairs one of the groups performs bending movement, the second - extension. Chest - back - multi-joint movement, press and pull.
Synergists
This group includes:
- Tightening - the broadest muscle, biceps;
- Push-ups - a large pectoral, triceps;
- Pushups on the uneven bars - a large thoracic, anterior bundle of deltoid muscle, triceps;
- Squats - quadriceps, large gluteal, hamstrings.
All muscles-synergists perform one movement, helping each other.
Location:
Agonists and antagonists are usually located on different sides of the joint (biceps and triceps). Flexion of the shoulder, when the biceps (agonist) works, can lead to relaxation of the triceps (antagonist). This phenomenon is called mutual inhibition.
Muscle synergists are located in the same place as the agonists, or somewhere nearby. When performing the movement help them.
Proinators, arch supports
Rotation inward in the shoulder joint is provided by a large thoracic, wide, subscapular and large round.
Rotation outwards in the shoulder joint occurs due to subacute and small round.
Application in life
Knowledge of the features of the human musculature is widely used in bodybuilding. For example, when building a training program using a technique such as a super series, synergistic muscles are sometimes used. Examples: pulling and bending on the biceps, barbell press and extension of the forearm. In the work involved co-ordinarily acting muscles.
But most often used training, which involves antagonists. For example, triceps and biceps, chest and back, quadriceps and hamstrings.
Typically, the training of antagonists occurs simultaneously. This approach ensures uniform muscle growth and development.
Training will be most effective if you know which muscle groups are involved in a particular exercise. The experience of athletes proves the benefit of training, in which antagonists or synergistic muscles work simultaneously. Examples - the outstanding bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger and others.
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