HealthMedicine

MKB: osteochondrosis of the spine. Code of the disease and description

All diseases and pathologies occurring in humans are recorded in the International Classification of Diseases - ICD-10. This is the most modern, 10th revision carried out by the World Health Organization and recommended for use in Russia in 1999. It has a special section, including diseases of the musculoskeletal system. A pathology of the spine, characterized by neurological symptoms and lesions of bone and soft tissue, identified in the subsection "Dorsopathy." Such diseases are numbered from 40th to 54th number in the ICD. Osteochondrosis occupies a separate position here - M42. Similar degenerative processes also occur in spondylopathy (M45-M49), dorsalgia (M54), osteopathy (M86-M90) and chondropathy (M91-M94).

Why the international classification of diseases is needed

Such a system was developed by medical personnel for the convenience of processing information about a patient's illness and for protecting this information. After all, the cipher replacing the diagnosis in the card is familiar only to doctors. The coding of diseases includes a letter and a numerical designation. And all diseases are divided into groups according to their nature. But not every disease has a separate ICD code. Osteochondrosis, for example, belongs to the group of dorsopathies and is classified in code M42. But the various degenerative-dystrophic processes of the spine may be indicated by other alphabetic codes. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is necessary to determine the correct treatment.

Correct diagnosis

Exact diagnosis of osteochondrosis is performed by a doctor on the basis of a special examination. It is necessary to correctly diagnose. After all, the effectiveness of treatment depends on this. Before confirming the diagnosis according to the ICD "osteochondrosis of the spine", it is necessary to exclude the possibility of other diseases: pathologies of the kidneys or intestines, traumatic lesions, degenerative processes in the bones. Therefore, in the case history, not only the patient's complaints, the onset of the disease development, the results of the examination are recorded. The nature of the course of the disease, its phase, the characteristics of pain, the mobility of the spine, and the presence of neurological disorders are also taken into account. To determine the nature of the pathology, X-ray examination, computer and magnetic resonance imaging are performed. Only after this disease the patient is assigned a certain ICD code.

Osteochondrosis: causes

This disease was found 10 years ago mainly after 45 years. But now such a diagnosis is posed even to young people and adolescents. This is due to the inactive way of life and the fascination with gadgets. Because of this, the muscular corset of the spine is weakened, and the posture is bent. As a result of increased load, disks begin to break down. The reasons for the development of osteochondrosis, ICD-10 does not take into account, but doctors need to determine them for choosing the correct method of treatment. Why can osteochondrosis develop?

  • Because of a sedentary lifestyle;
  • Great physical exertion, lifting of weights;
  • Spinal injuries ;
  • Age-related changes in bone tissue;
  • Hereditary predisposition.

Who is affected by the disease

According to the ICD, osteochondrosis is considered in the group of dorsopathies, that is, degenerative processes in the spine. Therefore, mainly elderly people are exposed to it. They, as a result of the slowing of metabolic processes and blood circulation, lose their fluid and nutrients and begin to deteriorate. But there is also this disease at a younger age. At risk are athletes, loaders and all those who experience increased physical activity. The disks also suffer from sedentary lifestyles, which are conducted by office workers, drivers, seamstresses and representatives of some other professions.

Symptoms of osteochondrosis

The destruction of the discs causes back pain and limited movement. These are the main symptoms of osteochondrosis. Pain can be severe or aching, may appear periodically after a load or last for a long time. But degenerative processes affect not only disks. Reducing the space between the vertebrae leads to pinching of the nerve roots. This causes neurological symptoms, depending on the location of the disease.

In the osteochondrosis of the lumbar region, the following signs are observed:

  • Sharp pains that give in the leg;
  • Disruption of the pelvic organs;
  • Numbness of the limbs, sensation of chills or tingling;
  • Leg cramps, weakness;
  • In severe cases, a loss of sensitivity to the lower part of the body, paralysis.

If the cervical section is affected, the situation is even more serious, since in this place the vessels that feed the brain pass and the nerves that connect it to the body. In this case, pain in the head, impaired coordination of movements, memory loss, vision and hearing, frequent dizziness and fainting may occur.

Symptoms of osteochondrosis are also associated with impaired blood circulation. This loss of pulse, interruptions in the work of internal organs, pressure fluctuations. When such signs appear, it is necessary to undergo a checkup to correctly diagnose the ICD-10.

Osteochondrosis of the spine: stages of development

The danger of this disease is that at the initial stage a person can not pay attention to small pain and movement restriction. It is then that the disease is easiest to cure. But more often than not, patients turn to the doctor when the changes are already irreversible. According to the ICD, osteochondrosis refers to degenerative diseases. It goes through three stages:

  • First the nucleus of the disc begins to lose water and cracks appear on the fibrous ring, gradually the distance between the vertebrae decreases;
  • At the second stage there are pains in the back, a crunch can be heard during movement due to the approach of the vertebrae;
  • The third stage is characterized by severe pain not only in the spine, but also in the extremities, and in other organs, displacement of the vertebrae and infringement of the nerve roots can be observed;
  • At the last stage of serious complications, loss of mobility of the spine.

Types of disease

According to the ICD-10, the osteochondrosis of the spine is classified according to the developmental features:

  • Youthful - M42.0;
  • Osteochondrosis of adults - M42.1;
  • Osteochondrosis of the spine, unspecified - M42.9.

But most often another classification of the disease is known - by its location. In serious cases with a neglected degenerative process, a common osteochondrosis is diagnosed, in which many discs and surrounding tissues are affected. But most often the disease occurs in any one department of the spine.

  • Cervical osteochondrosis of the ICD isolates into a separate group M42.2. But this is the most common form of the disease. It is the cervical section that is most often affected because of its mobility and vulnerability.
  • Thoracic osteochondrosis is rare. The vertebrae in this place are additionally supported by the ribs. Therefore, it is more often possible to find a diagnosis of "cervicothoracic osteochondrosis" - ICD42.3.
  • Disorders of the discs in the lumbar region are quite common. At this point, the vertebrae and discs withstand the greatest burden, especially with a sedentary lifestyle or lifting weights. Separately, lumbosacral osteochondrosis is also distinguished, although there are no discs in the sacrum and the vertebrae and surrounding soft tissues are subjected to destruction.

Complications of osteochondrosis

According to the ICD, osteochondrosis of the spine is allocated to a special section, but many doctors do not consider it a separate disease. After all, if degenerative processes in the discs have begun, they necessarily affect surrounding tissues: vertebrae, muscles and ligaments. Therefore, the hernia of the discs, spondylolisthesis, protrusions, arthrosis of the vertebral joints and other diseases join the osteochondrosis quickly.

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