Material and technical resources are what? Classification of material and technical resources

Each enterprise uses different types of resources in its work. They are necessary for the uninterrupted production of goods. Let us consider further what belongs to the category of material and technical resources.

Classification

There are the following types of resources:

1. Labor. They represent the population of the state, participating in the formation of GDP in accordance with the educational and qualification level. Labor is considered to be one of the key elements of the country's economic potential.
2. Financial. These resources are funds that are at the disposal of the company. Financial resources include depreciation, profit, etc.
3. Natural. This type of resource is a part of the environment, suitable for use.
4. Energy. These include the carriers of energy used in production.
5. Material. They are a complex of objects and objects of labor, the totality of things that are influenced by people in the process of productive activity.
6. Production. They are means of labor, through which a person acts on objects for obtaining products.

Material and technical resources of the organization

They are the objects of labor, which are used in auxiliary and basic industries. The main feature, according to which the material and technical resources are classified, is their origin. For example, nonmetals, wood products are used in production. The latter receive in the process of processing the forest. Non-metals are created in chemical industries. Another criterion by which material and technical resources are classified is their purpose. For example, raw materials can be used for the manufacture of components, semi-finished products, final products.

Characteristics

There are specific properties that are possessed by material and technical resources. This, in particular, features such as thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, heat capacity, hardness, viscosity, density. Other properties are:

1. The form. Items can be made in the form of a rail, hexagon, rod, bar and so on.
2. Dimensions. Objects can be medium, large, small size, different volume.
3. The physical state is solid, in the form of a liquid or gas.

Enlarged division

Classification of material and technical resources, depending on the purpose, is carried out on the following groups:

1. Raw material. It is used in the production of energy and other material resources.
2. Semi-finished products. They are processed.
3. Materials. They are used in auxiliary and main production.
4. Accessories. They are used when creating the final product.
5. Finished products. It provides the needs of consumers.

Raw materials

They are providing material and technical support for resources involved in further production. Raw material forms the basis of the finished product or semi-finished product. It is divided into several categories. First of all, industrial raw materials are allocated. It is artificial and mineral. The first include plastic masses and synthetic resins, skin substitutes, a variety of detergents. Mineral fuel and energy resources include uranium, peat, oil shale, coal, oil, natural gas; Mining and chemical - agronomic ores used in the production of fertilizers, barite, from which white paints are obtained, fluorspar for metallurgy and chemical industry, sulfur; Technical - mica, graphite, diamonds; Building - clay, sand, stone, etc. Agricultural raw materials are of no small importance in production. It is divided into resources:

1. Vegetable plants. They include technical and grain crops.
2. Animals. They are milk, meat, wool, raw skins, eggs.

In addition, raw materials are used in the production of fish and timber industries.

Materials

They act as a basis for semi-finished products, components, consumer and industrial products. The materials are divided into auxiliary and basic. The latter include those species that are directly included in the finished products. Auxiliary material and technical resources are objects that are not included in the created products, but without them production is impossible. These categories are divided into classes, types, groups, subgroups, subclasses. The enlarged classification is carried out in the following categories: non-metals and metals, gaseous, solid, liquid, loose.

Semifinished products

They are very important for production of material and technical resources. Using semi-finished products allows the company to save on the creation of raw materials for products. These objects are processed before being converted into finished products. Semi-finished products are of two kinds. The first includes partially manufactured products in the enterprise, transferred by one unit to another. The organization receives the second category of semi-finished products from another company. These objects can be treated as one-time processing or multi-operation according to special schemes.

Accessories

They are ready-made elements of the final product. Like semi-finished products, they are transferred from one enterprise to another. Accessories are used for assembly of finished products, repair, packaging, etc.

Finished products

It consists of consumer and industrial goods. Products are sold to intermediate or end users. Individual consumer goods can be multiple or continuous operation, daily or special demand, pre-selection.

Secondary raw materials

Secondary material and technical resources are the remains of semi-finished products, components and other objects formed during the production process. Secondary raw material completely or partially loses its original properties. Secondary materials can be formed at write-off of parts, dismantling of units, machines, aggregates and other fixed assets.

Analysis

One of the most important areas of management is the management of material and technical resources. An integral part of this activity is an analysis of the efficiency of fixed assets. Under the remaining equal conditions, the production volume will be the higher the better the material and technical resources are provided to the enterprise. At the enterprise, control over the expenditure of raw materials should be organized. Analysis of material, technical and financial resources makes it possible to identify the most promising areas of their application.