Khrunichev Rocket and Space Plant

The enterprise, best known as the Rakete Plant im. Khrunichev (although in its history it had many different names), - the legend of Russian science and industry. This company is almost 100 years old. The products manufactured by the plant can be fully considered the subject of Russia's national pride. These are legendary Proton rockets, promising Angara. The plant designs one of the most promising in the world space industry development - the Baikal accelerator. Branches of the enterprise produce a lot of other necessary aerospace industry of Russia products.

Production

One of the flagships of the defense industry of Russia is the Rocket and Space Plant named after M.Sh. Khrunichev. Its official name, of course, sounds different. Namely - the State Space Research and Production Center named after MV Lomonosov. Khrunichev ". Simply in the press and in communicating citizens with each other, a more concise title was fixed - this brand is so well known.

Khrunichev's plant is actually a few enterprises located in different parts of Russia. They produce many types of rocket and space technology. The most famous examples of products are the Proton, Kosmos-3M, Rokot and Angara rockets. Among the promising developments is a reusable accelerator of Baikal rockets.

History

The Khrunichev plant was originally launched as an automotive company, named "Russo-Balt-2". The year of its foundation is 1917th. However, since the mid-1920s, airplanes were built on it, which were built on the projects of aircraft designers Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsky, Petlyakov. In the 1950s, the factory produced Bizon bombers, designed by Myasischev. In 1961, the plant received an almost modern name - "Mashinostroitelny Plant named after M.I. Khrunichev "- and began to specialize in the production of rocket and space technology. Several generations of rockets, Salyut and Mir stations were launched on it. In 1993 the Khrunichev plant acquired a modern name. It also included KB Salyut. In 2007, the plant was assigned its current organizational and legal form - the federal state unitary enterprise. There were subsidiary structures, such as, for example, the company "Length" (Moscow). Plant them. Khrunichev also joined the KB. Isaev, the Voronezh Mechanical Plant, and in 2008 he was joined by the Perm enterprise of OAO Proton-PM, in 2012 - Ust-Katavsky Plant. CM. Kirov.

Proton rocket

One of the most recognizable samples of products, produced by the companies of the Center. Khrunichev (a factory whose reviews have become one of the foundations of the public perception of the power of the Soviet defense industry, the one that is located in Moscow), is the Proton rocket. It appeared during the development of developments on the development of the intercontinental ballistic missile UR-500. During the modernization of the ICBM, a carrier, Proton-K, appeared, which, according to many experts, became the most successful example of Soviet rocketry in its segment.

On commercial rails the use of the "Protons-K" was delivered in 1996 (the European satellite Astra 1F was launched into orbit). Subsequently, several dozen launches from private customers were carried out. Russian designers also developed a version of the "Proton", adapted to bring cargo to the geostationary orbit. Now a modified missile, whose name is "Proton-M" is the most frequently used in its series.

The Angara rocket

The development of the Angara launch vehicle, according to many experts, is one of the key areas of the Russian space industry. This is a whole family of missiles (there are those belonging to the "light" class, as well as those that are "heavy" carriers).

It is assumed that some samples will be able to lift up to 35 tons of cargo into orbit. The main competitor of the Russian development is the Falcon missile (in the "heavy" versions) of the American company SpaceX. An interesting fact is that here there is a confrontation of a state corporation with a half-century history and a very young private company, created virtually from scratch. In the development of modules "Angara" at the same time, not only Moscow - the plant named after. Khrunicheva found partners in South Korea. Especially for use with the "Angara" rocket, the "Baikal" accelerator is created, intended for multiple launches.

Accelerator "Baikal"

"Baikal" works quite simply, and at the same time performs the most important functions. With the help of the accelerating stage, the rocket rises to a height of about 70 km. Then the "Angara" engine is turned on, after which the rocket is put into orbit. "Baikal" in the meantime undocks from the carrier and returns to Earth like an airplane. After a technical inspection and making the necessary changes, it can be used again: in the projects that the Khrunichev plant represents to the public, it is said that Baikal can rise 25 times in the air (but in the course of improving the complex, this figure can really be brought to 200).

The main partner of the plant. Khrunichev on the project of creating "Baikal" - NPO "Molniya". It is assumed that the accelerator will have a starting mass of the order of 130.4 tons, a length of 27 meters and a diameter (in the center) of 2.9 meters. A key component of Baikal is a universal missile module (URM) equipped with a tail unit, a wing, , Chassis and other systems.

Engines

Affiliated structure of the center. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Mechanical Plant" - collects many types of engines for the aerospace industry. Historically, the first units were M-11, installed on PO-2 aircraft. In the years after the Great Patriotic War, the plant began to produce engines АШ-62ИР, М14В26 and other models of units for various types of aviation. Since the late 50's rocket-space engines have been launched in Voronezh: RD-0109, RD-0210, RD-0114 (they are installed on the "Protons") and other types of high-tech units.

Now the plant is working on setting up the production of RD-191 engines for the Angara missiles. At the moment, among Russian enterprises, only VSW has the capacity to produce piston engine engines. Units produced in Voronezh are put on training and sports aircraft, as well as helicopters for various purposes.