Man in Gorky's work. Gorky: a monologue about a man

Man as the greatest mystery of nature, a large unexplored field, has always been a favorite topic, addressed by Maxim Gorky (Peshkov Alexey Maksimovich). Human feelings and thoughts, weakness and strength, hopes and their collapse, social and spiritual nature are reflected in the heroes created by the pen of the author. A person in Gorky's work is truly an extensive topic.

Heroes of Gorky

The characters of this writer are people of the beginning of the 20th century, the time of the World War and three revolutions, the collapse of the old world and the creation of a new one. However, portraying in the works of his contemporary, the author tries to guess the image of a man of the future, a new stormy time. In it, Alexei Maximovich Gorky embodies all the best that he saw in his contemporaries.

Human

In Gorky's work, man is not just a word called representatives of the species homo sapiens, but a title, an honorary name, which everyone needs to deserve. In the story "The Birth of Man" it is said about what an excellent position it is to be a representative of the human race on earth.

In order to deserve this name, one must have, first of all, spiritual freedom and pride - this is what Jehovah, Zeus, Allah and other gods of all religions fear, and also the great teachers and leaders of all times and peoples. All of them are known by Gorky under one name - "the black monster of power". It, declaring pride as the main sin, always killed strong, free, proud people with the hands of its priests.

Pride

Alexei Maksimovich Gorky believes that this is a good character trait that turns a slave into a free one, makes the weak one strong, and a nonentity transforms into a person. Pride does not like everything that is common and philistine. So, the heroes of the work "Makar Chudra", Radda and Lojko prefer to die than to live unfree, because by nature they are free and proud. However, the hypertrophy of this feeling gives rise to unconditional, absolute freedom from any moral foundations and society. This idea sounds in another story, "Old Woman Izergil", when the main character tells about the proud Larre, who dies for all (and for himself, first of all), in punishment remaining to live forever. In immortality, thus, he attains death. Maxim Gorky points to the eternal truth: it is impossible to live in a society and to be completely free from it.

Feelings

Another quality of man, according to the author, is the ability to feel all-embracing, completely surrendering, drowning the voice of reason. The wisdom of life is the foolishness of the brave. Gorky, among the favorite and main characters, can not find the cold, reasonable, semi-positive type of Stavrogin and Bazarov (although, of course, such people have always been in our society). Too intellectual heroes are usually morally dead, and in the author the Man is alive, first of all feeling, homo sentiense. Such are Pelageya Nilovna Vlasova ("Mother"), Foma Gordeev from the novel of the same name, Konovalov and Chelkash from the same stories, Teterev ("The Bourgeois") and Satin ("At the bottom"). All of them are united by the fact that the feelings of these heroes are stronger than reason. Many works of Gorky are devoted to this . The list can be further extended. However, the writer himself considers excessive sensuality to be the lot of weak people, because it hinders the Human on the path of life. And the author considers the most important thing the ability to live in the full sense of the word.

Hot and rotting

A person in Gorky's work is either hot or rotting. Rotting - limited, weak people who do not want to change their lives, content with their unenviable position. Their majority. These people love only a well-fed, warm, comfortable life.

A typical representative of them is Gray. He agrees slavishly to serve any power, so long as it protects his peace and satiety. Life appears to him in the form of a mirror, in the reflection of which he sees only himself. This type is very tenacious, because it possesses the talents of the parasite. His soul has gone, this is the throne of a slippery toad, and the heart is cautious and cowardly. He craves pleasures and is afraid of troubles and anxiety, which gives this image a fake and bifurcation. In addition to Gray, this type includes such heroes as Gorky, Uzh ("Song of the Falcon"), Yakov Mayakin ("Foma Gordeev"), Bubnov ("At the bottom"). These are stupid, weak, vulgar creatures, inert and inert - the complete opposite of this Man. The works of Gorky, listed above, illustrate this idea. However, there are other burning people. They spend their energy vigorously, completely surrendering their lives, singing to her the hymn. Thus, Neil ("The Bourgeois") speaks of the pleasure of living on earth, echoed by Stormy Petrel and Sokol ("The Song of the Falcon" and "The Song of the Stormy Petrel"), as well as revolutionaries from the novel "Mother" and others .

goal

But in order to be able to live life truly, it is not enough to just burn, be proud and free, restless and feeling. It is very important to have a goal that justifies existence, because the price of a person is his business. "Forward! And higher!" - that's his credo. It's pointless, Isurgil's life passes aimlessly, without illuminating anything in his path. On the contrary, Danko brightens and dies brightly, illuminating people the way for a new life. This person, in the work of Gorky, perishing, acquires true immortality, since it is a payment for a great, high goal, to which anyone should strive. On the way to her, nothing should be distracting: neither aspiring to enslave blind faith, nor sweet, cradling hope, nor humiliating love. Any sacrifice must be prepared to bring for the sake of a great goal, if only it justifies them.

Creation

Thus, a person fully confident in the freedom of thought, the infinite growth of creativity and his immortality is Gorky's ideal. The meaning of life must be seen in creativity, which is boundless and self-sufficient. The God-man is higher than all the invented gods. In this ideal, the writer put all the best that the heroes of that time had. Each of us remembers a single catch phrase. "Man - this sounds proudly," Gorky solemnly proclaims.

Monologue about a man

In the play "At the bottom", in the last act, Satin pronounces a small monologue, which is a textbook. In this speech the hero celebrates Man, glorifies him. In his understanding, the representative of the human race is the center of the universe, the basis of everything. It closes everything: death, life, great discoveries and accomplishments. However, Satin does not mean every individual person, but the species of living beings with this name.

He is admired by the possibilities, potential and power of the representatives of mankind. That's why he thinks that this is a great humiliation - pity. Man, this "block", therefore, is worthy only of respect and truth, which he can withstand, how cruel she may be.

The hero concludes also about the life purpose of man. In his opinion, he is "above satiety". The meaning of life is to make a global, a high, a revolutionary one. This opinion is shared by Gorky about Man.

This monologue - a dispute with the position of Luke, in all the opposite. This hero views a person not as a collective image, but as a separate individual, who needs attention, support, warmth.

Truth, perhaps, somewhere in between the opinions of these two characters.

The play "At the bottom" is a work of wide sound that conveys the whole gamut of human feelings and states - from speeches about Satin's Man, inspired and courageous, to the fatal and desperate despair of the Actor.