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Road grading: everything about technology

Road construction includes work that is called grading. They are performed when using special equipment - graders, motor graders.

What it is?

Grading roads is done with the help of graders - the so-called sub-type of bulldozers. Do not do without this stage, when you need to plan and profile:

- escarpment;

- plot;

- a platform;

- road.

Grading involves ranking by layer. With regard to construction it looks like this. The grader is equipped with knives, dumps. Operating them, the driver of the bulldozer can move the layers of building materials vertically, horizontally, which forms the profile of the treated surface. Graders are equipped with fangs, picks, by means of which the operator opens the dense rocks or destroys the already existing coating on the road.

Grading roads for private construction is organized as follows: refer to a company that offers special equipment for hire, hire an operator. If you want to process a small area (for example, the entrance from the road within a kilometer), probably, one working day is enough. Specific figures are determined by the capacity, the productivity of the machine, the availability of consumables.

How are roads built?

When building roads, the technology of road grading is observed clearly. This serves as a guarantee of durability of the coating. Consider the nuances of creating a path on the example of a dirt road.

Modern primers are covered with natural soils, which is why the name was chosen. Work begins with the delivery of soil, from which the protruding profile is formed. The task is simple, in comparison with other types, the dirt road is cheaper, suitable for directions where the flow of transport is small. In a hot month, it dusts, rains in the rainy season, but with seasonal use (for example, as an entrance to the dacha) is quite suitable.

Construction consists of such steps as:

- site cleaning;

- marking the trough;

- removal of vegetation;

- removal of soil by a grader;

- ramming the soil along the profile;

- surface rolling.

As you can see, road grading according to GOST is a key stage of construction, a pledge of durability of the finished track. Improvements in indicators can be achieved using special soils and using the most modern productive machines. Motor graders are used to mix the binder and soil. Further, the machine is operated to evenly distribute the resulting mixture inside the trough while maintaining a constant thickness of 15 cm. If the complexity of the work requires a greater thickness, the grader is applied in two approaches.

Another four passes of the motor grader are necessary to level the surface of the future road. The last pass is made additionally with a template-iron. This ensures smoothness of the surface.

Grader: features

Grading roads is made by motor graders. Machines are necessary for:

- transportation of building materials;

- leveling the surface;

- planning of the future road;

- Profiling the working platform.

Scope of graders:

- repair;

- building;

- cleaning;

- work on hydrotechnical objects.

The grader is equipped with a blade with a knife. This is the main working body of the machine, mounted on the frame. The blade is raised, lowered, unfolded vertically, horizontally. Motions are provided by the engine and controlled by a control system: hydraulic or mechanical.

Some machines are equipped with a scarifier. This is a frame with 7-11 teeth, used for repair to destroy the old road cover.

Special equipment is indispensable for the creation and operation of roads, aerodromes, has found wide application in agriculture.

For the grader the knives are made from 2.5 to 4.5 m. The standard productivity of machines is 45 m 3 / h.

The hydraulic control system allows the installation of automatic leveling. Such a machine simplifies the work of the driver, ensures that the profiled surface will have the specified parameters with a reduced number of approaches. Economic, technical performance of the device is higher than that of other types.

Road from rubble

Irreplaceable grading of roads during construction of crushed stone. Its key feature is installation directly on the soil. The thickness of the coating is about 16 cm, and the width does not exceed 10 m.

For greater strength, the road can consist of two layers of crushed stone. And that's where the graders come to, whose work begins after the completion of the backfilling of the zone. Only after passing the motor graders, and not once, put the top layer.

The road from the rubble serves a long time only with regular preventive maintenance. Correction of irregularities is made by a grader. Works are conducted on the cover, previously abundantly spilled with water.

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