How to write an abstract. How to write a lecture summary, articles

The summary can be attributed to those skills that are highly appreciated in educational institutions. This skill is especially important in the learning process, as the students are constantly in need of lectures to prepare for classes, tests and exams. Therefore, there is nothing strange about the appearance of the question of how to write notes.

What goals should be pursued?

Why do you need a note-taking skill? It should list the main points that will answer this question.

1. With the help of a summary it is possible to learn how to process a large stream of incoming information, giving it a completely different appearance, transforming the form and type.
2. By means of summary it is possible to select all necessary data in both oral and written text. Accordingly, the student, who knows how to write notes, will be able to solve an academic or scientific problem.
3. With the help of a summary it is possible to design a problem model, both structural and conceptual.
4. The abstract makes it easier to memorize the text. It will improve the ability to understand special terms.
5. Recording a lecture in a short and concise form allows you to gain sufficient information necessary for writing a much more complex work that will appear in the form of reports, abstracts, diploma and course papers, dissertations, articles, books.

What is the meaning of this concept?

Before you understand how to write notes, you need to understand what it is. The term includes two roots. One of them is the word "con," meaning the beginning, the narrowing of the field of action, the limit. In such a narrowing, reduction and curtailment of incoming data, the main sense of abstracting is hidden.

Under the abstract, it is necessary to understand the secondary creation of sources in a completely different form-folded and compressed. The whole process can resemble a procedure, such as the separation of milk, from which the cream is separated. In this case, the information acts as milk, and the summary - in the form of cream. In all dictionaries, note-taking is defined from the position of a summary, a brief entry.

The main requirements that must be taken into account

If you want to understand how to write a summary, you should understand that not all types of short records can be considered as a summary. The term implies the consolidation of a specific plan, statements and important theses. The main requirement, which has always been made to the abstracts, is that the record should be characterized by systematic, logical, connectedness. Proceeding from this, we can say that those extracts with several items of the plan that do not reflect the whole logic of a certain work have no semantic connection, can not be considered a summary. This should be understood. Especially if you want to understand how to properly write notes.

Text can be used by other people

A brief, concise, logically presented information written by one person can be used by other people. This is due to the universality of the data. In this regard, we can say that the abstract can be accessed even after a certain number of years after its writing, since it has the most accessible form unlike other records. While working with him, it is very difficult to get lost in someone's thoughts.

It should be noted that if the learner wants to subsequently provide someone with his own notes, then he should more accurately keep them. In addition, this will allow him to turn to his records after a certain number of years.

What features should be taken into account?

Do you want to understand how to write an abstract? Then you need to get acquainted with some features of its compilation.

1. To determine the completeness of the disclosure of the topic should be enough for a cursory review. At the same time, the person reading the abstract should understand the nature of the text, and reveal its complexity by the availability of specific terms. Such an acquaintance with the data provided in a brief form will help to make a conscious choice in favor of a certain summary.
2. When you make a note, you need to carefully process the information provided. This will help re-reading and analysis, in which you can divide the text into several parts, separating all unnecessary.
3. In the abstract should be highlighted the main ideas - theses. Concepts, categories, definitions, laws and their formulations, facts and events, evidence and much more. All this can act as a thesis.

Main characteristics of the abstract

Do you want to understand how to write a summary of literature? To do this, all the information provided should be retold in a coherent form. However, one should not forget about such important qualities as clarity and brevity. In addition, one of the connecting elements must be internal logic, which can not be replaced by lengthy transitions.

As already mentioned, the abstract should have obligatory brevity. And while it must be based not only on the main provisions and conclusions, but also on the facts. It is necessary to give evidence, examples. If the statement is not supported by all this, then it will not be able to convince. Accordingly, it will be very difficult to remember.

Therefore, if you want to understand how to write a summary of the lesson, you need to understand that not only the basic provisions should be written down. Do not try to avoid repetition. Especially if they will lead to the issue on the other hand, or more expressively illuminate it. This is a kind of "flavor of style", with which you can more thoroughly understand the material provided and, accordingly, remember it.

The summary is divided into several types. You should talk more about them.

How to write a plan?

The abstract, which is called planned, can easily be obtained. Especially if you first make a plan for a certain work. However, it can be formed again, from the very beginning. And you can use the previously designed plan for the new writing of the abstract.

A certain part of the written text must answer each question of such a schedule. However, there are also cases when the point of the plan should not be accompanied by any additions and clarifications. This can be called one of the features of the planned summary.

Acquiring a special skill, you can answer, for example, and the question of how to write a summary of history. The written text will have simplicity, brevity and clarity in its basic form. This advantage is also able to help in writing the report and in preparing the speeches. It should also be understood that the outline will be more qualitative if the plan is also such.

The main drawback can be considered the fact that the work on such a summary in a few years will be quite difficult. This is due to the fact that it is very difficult to restore sources in the head after a certain period of time.

Write down the quotes, too, you must be able to

Do you want to answer the question of how to write an abstract on literature? This will help you with textual notes. It is based mainly on quotations and passages. Statements can communicate with each other through logical transitions. You can also make a plan and include in the abstract some abstracts.

Textual abstract can be an excellent source of almost verbatim statements of the author, as well as those facts that he was given. Such a summary is most popular in the study of scientific works, literary criticism.

A synopsis of this kind is not difficult to compose. Even though it requires certain skills to write it, with the help of which you can quickly write out the main quotes.

If you want to answer the question of how to write a summary of an article or a literary work, you should be aware of the main shortcoming of this type of abstracting. It will not promote attention and memory. Automatic census citations do not contribute to the assimilation of the text, its content.

The basic meaning of free note-taking

Do not know how to correctly write a lesson summary? This will help you to compose a text of a free type. Such a summary contains extracts, quotations and abstracts. Part of it can also be drawn up according to a certain plan.

A free abstract can be written correctly in the event that the author is able to independently, clearly and briefly write down the main provisions. Accordingly, a deeper understanding of the material is required. This kind of abstract is considered the most complete. He will be able to contribute to the qualitative mastery of the lesson in the highest degree. The main concern of the student in this situation is to comprehend correctly, and then it is clear and logical to write down everything that is necessary.

What is the point of thematic notes?

With the help of a thematic abstract, one can get a complete answer to the formulated question-topic. In connection with this, he received the name. Its main meaning is hidden in the need to develop a specific topic. A variety of sources can be used for this. The subject notes may not reflect the content of those works that were used to write it.

A summary of this kind contributes to the study of the topic, comprehensive analysis. It can greatly simplify work on a specific topic. However, some sources should be used for this.

Tips to Consider

If you do not know how to write an abstract on a paragraph, an article, a historical text, a literary work, etc., then you need to read some of the recommendations.

The outline should be accompanied not only by a logical presentation, but also by an excellent text organization. This can affect the content of the record and the convenient use of it.

The abbreviations can help to write the abstract, the analysis of the coagulated text. These are abbreviated words and phrases, as well as signs that can be used instead of words.

Conclusion

If you comprehend a special technique for processing information, then you will be able to easily compile a new document that will be logical, coherent. Accordingly, you will be able to figure out how to properly outline.