Ecological supervision and control. The Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision

State environmental oversight is the activity of special bodies. It is aimed at checking compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of nature protection. Let's consider in detail how state ecological supervision is carried out.

General information

The Federal Service for Environmental Supervision acts as the key organization that performs the verification of legislative regulations in the field of environmental protection. At the regional level, this activity falls within the competence of the executive structures of the entities and territorial units. The objects of environmental supervision are approved by a government decree. The list includes, inter alia, energy complexes, especially valuable natural areas, as well as infrastructure that provides defense of the country.

Types of checks

Environmental control is planned and unplanned. In the first case, the checks are carried out according to a previously approved schedule. In accordance with the general rule, such environmental monitoring is conducted no more than once in three years. An unscheduled audit is carried out if there are specific grounds. For example, it can be a message in the media about a violation in the sphere of nature protection. In addition, during unplanned events, authorized persons determine whether environmental safety requirements are being met , as well as regulations obtained from previous inspections.

Rights of Inspectors

Immediate environmental supervision is carried out by officials having appropriate authority. Within their competence, they are given rights that enable them to fulfill their responsibilities. In particular, inspectors can:

1. It is unobstructed to visit facilities for inspections of compliance with environmental regulations.
2. Request materials required for inspection.
3. Draft protocols on administrative violations within their authority.
4. To bring to justice the subjects who do not comply with the requirements of the law.
5. Submit claims for compensation for damage to the environment.

Industrial and public environmental supervision

Economic entities can conduct inspections themselves. To do this, they need to form an appropriate service or department or appoint officials responsible for ensuring compliance with environmental regulations in the company. The results of production inspections should be transferred to the body authorized to conduct environmental monitoring. Public inspections are carried out by citizens and their associations. Thus, the right to a favorable living environment is realized.

Attraction of subjects to responsibility

The following are the grounds for the application of sanctions:

1. Damage to nature or its components.
2. Causing damage to the health of citizens due to negative impact on the environment.
3. Damage to property of organizations and individuals by an environmental offense.

As conditions for bringing persons to justice:

1. Revealing the fact of causing harm.
2. Establishing the guilt of the person who caused the damage. If the harm has arisen from a source of increased danger, this condition is not required.
3. Determination of the amount of damage caused by the offense.
4. Establishment of cause-effect relationships between the harm and actions of subjects.

Specificity of violations

The subject who can be held accountable in case of establishing his guilt may be a citizen aged from 16 liters. The object of the offense is the social relations that arise in the environmental sphere. The subjective side provides careless and willful guilt. Penalties for environmental crimes are established in Ch. 26 of the Criminal Code. In addition, the legislation provides for administrative responsibility. It is defined in Chapters 8 and 10 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. Both legal entities and citizens can be brought to administrative responsibility. Acts that fall under the action of the Code of Administrative Offenses include violations:

1. Legislative provisions on environmental impact assessment.
2. Rules for protection of water areas, atmospheric air, order of harvesting of wood, hunting, fishing.

Specially protected areas

The main types of such territories include:

1. Natural reserves and zakazniks.
2. National and dendrological parks.
3. Monuments of nature.
4. Botanical gardens.
5. Health-improving territories and resorts.

Environmental supervision is aimed at ensuring the safety of these areas, summarizing information about them. In the course of inspections, cases of improper use of natural complexes are identified, and the need for restoration works is established.

Atomic Supervision

It is carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents approved by the Government. Rostechnadzor acts as an authorized organization. In his competence, among other things, is the inspection of construction. The said body checks the activity of all nuclear and other facilities receiving or using sources of ionizing radiation. In addition, the inspection is responsible for compliance with international standards for the management of radioactive and nuclear materials. As part of its activities, Rostekhnadzor verifies compliance with the rules for the use of atomic energy.

Important conditions

The entities operating nuclear power plants are obliged to comply not only with the requirements of the basic legal acts, but also with construction norms. The rules should be observed at the design stage. Construction of nuclear facilities is carried out only in consultation with Rostechnadzor. Operators should understand that even a slight deviation from the rules can have serious consequences.

Additionally

Rostechnadzor in its activities relies on the provisions of federal legislation, SNiPy and other regulatory acts. In the normal course of business meetings and meetings are regularly organized. They are held both on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad. Supervision of the use of nuclear energy is carried out at all stages of the activities of the inspected entities. The installation infrastructure is thoroughly checked, the availability of appropriate technical documentation is established. Radiation safety is ensured during transportation, storage, use and subsequent disposal, as well as processing and extraction of relevant ores and materials. Particular attention is paid by the inspection to the operation of installations where ionizing radiation sources are used. Each type of supervisory activity is regulated by regulatory documents, orders, laws. Without proper inspection, industrial enterprises engaged in this field could not function without causing damage to nature.

Conclusion

Currently, environmental problems have acquired a global dimension. In each country, a strategy is being developed to ensure environmental protection. At the legislative level, norms and regulations are created, responsibility is introduced. At the same time, environmental safety requirements are regularly revised and adapted to the conditions of the present. The implementation of prescriptions is mandatory for all economic entities and citizens. At the same time, there is a special inspection in the country that oversees compliance with environmental standards. The powers of this instance are quite wide. At the same time, officials who directly carry out control measures are vested with responsibilities. In particular, they must act strictly according to established rules, without acting beyond their competence. Inspectors are required to promptly identify and prevent violations of environmental legislation. Checks should be carried out at all levels. Therefore, in the regions, as well as the Ministry of Defense, there are units of the Federal Service for Environmental Supervision. Legislation allows for the conduct of internal inspections at enterprises. During these, technical and other documentation related to the protection of the environment from harmful emissions or other adverse effects can be reviewed.