HealthDiseases and Conditions

Cervical cancer: causes, stages and treatment

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant female disease. According to statistical data, 10 women from 100,000 women are diagnosed with this diagnosis. And this number increases every year. In general, cervical cancer occurs in women from 40 to 60 years. Among the prevalence of cancer, he ranks 3 rd place in the world.

Cervical Cancer: Causes

It is proved that the main cause, which leads to the development of cervical cancer, is human papillomavirus (HPV). In total, there are about 70 varieties in nature. But, as a rule, the cancer of the uterus causes HPV # 18, # 16 and # 31.

Infection

The main way of infection of HPV is unprotected sexual intercourse. Women are particularly vulnerable to this:

  • Lead sex life earlier than from 16 years;

  • Have made several abortions;

  • Take hormonal contraceptives ;

  • Have venereal diseases;

  • Change sexual partners;

  • Gave birth to a child under 16;

  • Have relatives who have this diagnosis.

Stages of the disease and their symptoms

1 degree. At this stage of the disease, a woman may not even be aware of her presence. Symptoms are almost absent - the discharge does not differ from normal (without the admixture of blood), there are no pains. The malignant tumor has not gone beyond the parameters of the cervix. If the disease is detected at the moment, the treatment will bring the highest result.

2 degree. Here the disease already has some signs - there are spotting, the tumor leaves the walls of the cervix and goes to the walls of the small pelvis. In the treatment of the disease at this stage, 75% of women survive.

3 and 4 degree. These stages, unlike the previous ones, develop very rapidly. 3 degree is characterized by the release of the tumor beyond the standard border of the small pelvis, it can cover the rectum or bladder. There are metastases in other parts of the body. Treatment at this stage saves 40% of women lives. If the disease has taken the 4th degree, the patient has pain in the pelvic region and bloody discharge, which has the smell of rot. In this case, only 15% of patients have a chance to survive.

Treatment

Cervical cancer, the consequences of which can be irreparable, is treated mainly by surgical intervention. This removes the entire uterus and nearby lymph nodes. But if the disease was detected in the early stages of its development, then radiotherapy is performed. It is also carried out in those cases if after surgery there is a risk of recurrence of the disease.

To achieve the best effect, the so-called internal radiotherapy is performed - this is the introduction of tampon-shaped applicators under general anesthesia, in which a source of radioactive radiation is placed .

Also, to increase the chance of recovery of women whose cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body or whether the disease recurred, chemotherapy using various combinations of drugs is used.

Prevention

To prevent the development of the disease, each woman must regularly visit the gynecological office and pass the pap test, which allows to identify the beginning of the development of the tumor. Also recently vaccination against HPV (# 16 and 18) is being done, which is recommended for all female representatives from 12 to 45 years of age.

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