Cave people. Their way of life and development

The history of mankind can be conditionally divided into two significant periods - the primitive system and class society. The first period is an era where a caveman ruled. It lasted many hundreds of thousands of years, unlike the second, which is several thousand years old.

The first people on the planet

It was the cave people who, due to their work, eventually turned into a modern man. At the same time, a culture arose. At that time, the communities were small. Their organization was the most primitive. As well as life. Therefore, sometimes the lifestyle of a person of that period is called primitive. Initially, cavemen engaged in gathering and hunting, mastering for themselves stone devices. In such communities equality of rights and duties prevailed, and there was no class discrimination. Relations were built on the basis of family ties.

According to scientists, a caveman appeared about 2.5 million years ago as a result of the evolution of Australopithecus. The main difference is the beginning of stone processing and the creation of primitive tools from it. With such tools cavemen cut branches, cut carcasses after hunting, split bones, and dug roots from the ground. According to the classification of such people, it is customary to refer to the Skilled Man. Their abilities were limited by movement on their feet and the ability to hold a stone and a stick, minimal logical actions for making simple guns for hunting. The groups were small.

Pithecanthropus

About one million years before our time, Pithecanthropus appeared, a monkey-man. The size of his brain was much larger than that of the homo habilis. Accordingly, he was able to produce more sophisticated tools. For example, scrapers, chippers of regular geometric shape. However, the functions of the tools of labor remained the same: dig, plan, hunt and cut the results of hunting. The beginning of the Ice Age influenced the life and adaptation to natural disasters of cave people. Man has adapted to life in many climatic zones and zones, and traces of Pithecanthropus are found in the regions of Europe, North China and Africa. These signs say that the geography of the habitat has significantly expanded. The migration of ancient people was facilitated by the appearance of land zones due to the lowering of the level of the World Ocean.

As before lived cavemen

Pithecanthropus often built their accommodation near water sources. The caveman already understood then that the sources of water are the habitat of animals and, consequently, the source of food. A significant number of dangers forced people to gather in large groups to ensure safety, as well as facilitate hunting.

The life of a caveman. Neanderthal

Neanderthal appeared 250 thousand years ago. A reasonable person evolved from Pithecanthropus as a result of the influence of the environment and development of work skills. The name of this stage of human development was in honor of the valley in which his remains were first found. Outwardly, he already had a great resemblance to modern man. A low forehead, a rough build, a chamfered chin - these are the main distinguishing features with which this cave man stood out. Photos, modeled on the remains, give you the full power and power that these creatures possessed.

Neanderthals widely populated such areas as the south of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The main dwelling were caves. Often the cave had to be beaten off by bears that came there for hibernation. The power of cavemen is also said by the fact that they were able to kill these large animals, the length of which sometimes reached three meters. Massive remains of the bears' bones were found in the caves of many European countries, such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland and others.

Mental development of a caveman

Since the mental abilities of the Neanderthals were higher than those of Pithecanthropus, the tools of labor were also significantly improved. The quality of performance has improved significantly. Also the form became more correct and various. The technique of processing stone material accelerated. The main achievement of Neanderthals was the ability to obtain fire.

The fact that the instruments of labor found in different parts of the world are different from each other speaks of the high level of cave people's mental development. That is, their development took place independently in different regions. As scientists suggest, in the same period there are also racial differences of people. Also, the physical data of ancient people change, which directly depend on their region of habitation.

The cultural level of cave people also increased. In groups, the relationship becomes more robust. There is an understanding of the generation change. And, consequently, the Neanderthals begin to bury the dead with the help of primitive rites. Often burials were conducted in caves. A separate attitude among the people of that time was to the skulls. Their burial was carried out in special pits, probably because of some beliefs or everyday habits.

Unlike the Pithecanthropus, the intelligent man did not abandon the sick and the destitute. Probably, people of that time already extracted much more food than was necessary for survival. Consequently, it became possible to support dependents.

Rituals

Found artifacts of the time say that the Neanderthals performed some rituals. Thus, in several caves, skulls of bears were found, arranged in a certain order. This installation is very similar to the altar for religious rites.