Anesthesia infiltration

Such dental interventions as tooth preparation, removal, gingivectomy, curettage of periodontal pockets and sometimes even removal of dental plaques require adequate anesthesia. In clinical dentistry, the following types of local anesthesia are used :

• Application anesthesia is anesthesia of the superficial layers of the oral mucosa, which is carried out by imposing various medicinal forms of anesthetics on it in the form of solutions, ointments, gels, aerosols of high concentration. They are applied with a cotton or gauze swab;
• Anesthesia infiltration - injection of anesthetic under the mucous membrane, periosteum or in the bone itself. This kind of anesthesia is more prolonged and is often used in more invasive operations, the duration of which is at least an hour.
• Conductive anesthesia - injecting the drug directly to the branches of the nerve, which causes anesthesia of the entire area, which innervates this branch. It is used for operations on large molars, more extensive in terms of surgical procedures.

Infiltration anesthesia in dentistry more and more displaces the conductor, as more modern anesthetics appear and the mechanism of anesthesia becomes more studied. For more comfortable carrying out of this procedure, combating the fear of a prick, a layered multi-stage impregnation of the mucosa of interest to you is carried out.

Applicative anesthesia in dentistry is the first step in this process. Thus, after it has been carried out, the patient will not feel the pain from needle pricking and the infiltration anesthesia will pass absolutely painlessly. After impregnation with the anesthetic of the underlying tissues, according to the indications, the third stage is conducted - the conductive anesthesia.

Anesthesia infiltration wave can provide painless removal of teeth on the upper jaw, as it is very porous and the diffusion of anesthetic is unhindered. The bones of the lower jaw are more dense, so the removal of the lower teeth requires conductive anesthesia.

It should also be noted that infiltration anesthesia is a collective concept. Below it can be understood several types: diamond-shaped, according to Reclus, according to Vishnevsky, plexual, focal, perifocal and so on.

How is gingival anesthesia carried out?

To remove the teeth or perform small operations on the jaw, a prick is made clearly into the peri-vertebral part of the gum, closer to or directly into the transitional fold. In the latter case, such an anesthesia will be called pleksual. The solution must be injected slowly, gradually immersing the needle to the bone. This is the layered impregnation. Children can carry out this anesthesia with a prick in the gingival papilla: due to their loose structure, anesthesia occurs in 4-6 minutes.

When an anesthetic is injected into the peri-toothed part of the gum, some people may have problems. For example, if the patient's mucosa is very thin and tender, then after injecting the solution and extracting the needle, it is poured out through the injection port itself. Therefore, in such cases it is recommended to inject an anesthetic into the gum part at the projection of the apex of the tooth root, there the stress is not so strong and the solution does not pour out. Also, the muscle fibers that pass under the mucosa contract and do not allow the outflow of anesthetic. Usually the duration of infiltration anesthesia does not exceed half an hour.

Choosing a solution for anesthesia, the doctor is guided by the clinical situation, the history of the disease and the age of the patient.