Great archaeological discoveries: description, history and interesting facts

People always thought about what their distant ancestors, who lived several millennia ago, were. The great civilizations that have left irrevocably left behind a multitude of puzzles, exciting scientists. The evidence of the days gone by, found by archaeologists, reveals the veil over many secrets connected with the history of mankind. Let's try to analyze the most interesting finds, which are of special value for science.

Archaeological discoveries of the century: a unique find on the bottom of Issyk-Kul

One of the most notable sensations in the world of archeology was the discovery on the bottom of Lake Issyk-Kul of an unknown civilization, whose age, according to the most conservative assumptions, is about 2,5 thousand years. Near the Kirghiz reservoir, ancient sites of primitive people, burial grounds, petroglyphs, settlements and treasures have already been found. However, the researchers of the territory suggested that the most interesting can hide in the water, and their theory was confirmed.

Archaeological discoveries made at the bottom of the lake struck the learned world: it turned out that not the nomadic tribes lived along the banks of Issyk-Kul, but there was a developed civilization. As scientists explain, every two centuries ethnic groups changed on the territory, and the reservoir was considered the cradle of the most ancient civilizations.

Research under water

Scuba divers found in the water wall for more than a kilometer, and it is believed that under water were five huge cities, sand and silt. Researchers have plotted the scheme of a flooded settlement, but it is still difficult to precisely delineate the territory. Archaeological discoveries made it possible to draw a conclusion about the high level of cultural and technological development of the existing civilization.

At the bottom found mounds like those in which the Scythians were buried, and also found a workshop for the production of ore, self-sharpening daggers, as well as a gold hexahedral object resembling the first Russian rubles.

Civilization with a high level of development

Sensational archaeological discoveries add a new plot to the history of mankind, and some artifacts seriously puzzled scientists. At the bottom was found a bronze pot with soldered handles, the manufacturing technique of which is unknown. If we consider that high-tech methods of metal processing appeared relatively recently, it is not clear how it was possible to achieve this quality of joining all the details more than two thousand years ago.

It should be noted that the history of archaeological discoveries in the area of the Kirghiz lake is covered quite informatively. Scientists continue to study the ritual complex under water, economic buildings and houses. But even now it can be concluded that once in the Issyk-Kul region there was a developed civilization, combining sedentary and nomadic forms of economic management. And ceased to exist, most likely, after the rise of the water level, leaving scientists with many mysteries.

Rosetta Stone

When it comes to great archaeological discoveries, we can not fail to mention the artifact found in Egypt at the end of the XVIII century. Rosetta stone, received the name on behalf of the city, near which it was found, is made of rock. It is a plate with the texts cut out on it. Two of them are written in the ancient Egyptian language, and one - in ancient Greek. The last text, quickly deciphered by linguists, contained a decree relating to 196 BC and glorifying all the services of King Ptolemy.

But before the appearance of the plate, scientists had not previously encountered the Egyptian language, and several specialists were engaged in deciphering it at once. It turned out that the two inscriptions on the stone, inscribed with hieroglyphs and cursive, contained the same text in the sense of the first part.

The solution of the ancient Egyptian language on the Rosetta stone weighing more than a ton has become a powerful breakthrough in deciphering messages made in ancient times. Archaeological discoveries of the XIX century gave the key to the study of ancient writing, and the French scholar Champol even composed a dictionary of the ancient Egyptian language, the mystery of which was lost several centuries ago.

What knowledge does the Egyptian pyramids carry to people?

Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments of the most mysterious civilization of antiquity. Scientists studying unique artifacts are sure that secret knowledge is hidden in the buildings that will help reveal the main secrets of mankind. According to the official version, the mysterious pyramids, which cause a lot of questions, are built by people. However, many scholars protested against this theory, arguing that illiterate residents could not erect majestic structures based on the principle of the golden section. How did such large-scale objects appear in the ancient civilization that could not have been distinguished by a high level of development more than four thousand years ago?

The researchers came to the unusual conclusion that the Egyptians never built the great pyramids, but simply took advantage of the achievements of unknown ancestors who possessed unique talents. And the established idea of the giant structures that were supposed to perpetuate the memory of the rulers - the pharaohs, was recognized as erroneous.

Large-scale structures created by unknown civilizations

Archaeological discoveries of Ancient Egypt became irrefutable evidence that the pyramids appeared much earlier than a powerful civilization. On one of the stele, archaeologists discovered a strange inscription containing the order of Cheops to restore the statue of the Sphinx, which was damaged by torrential rains.

When scientists learned that eight thousand years did not fall precipitation on the territory of Egypt, the local government ordered the transfer to the museum's storerooms, and the sculpture of a winged figure with the lion's body was quickly restored.

The specialists deciphered the hieroglyphs belonging to the pen of the historian Manefon, who was commissioned to compile the history of the great state. In it he described in detail that more than 10 thousand years ago on the place where the Ancient Egypt was, great gods lived. And modern researchers remembered about the mythical Atlantis - the most progressive civilization of mankind.

After studying the Cheops pyramid, it turned out that it is precisely oriented to the four directions of the world, and in fact such an ideal accuracy without special tools, even in the modern world, will not be achieved.

What is the purpose of the pyramids?

Mysterious architectural monuments are not only the tombs of the pharaohs. Egyptologists, figuring out the purpose of the pyramids, recognized them as an ancient calendar, according to which the duration of the year was calculated. They represented a perfect astronomical compass and an accurate geodetic tool - the theodolite, which served for topographical studies. Creations created by some higher intelligence were the repository of an ancient system of weights and measures, as well as a model of the hemisphere, connected with the coordinates of longitude and latitude.

Important archaeological discoveries of Egypt were aroused by the learned world, which finds it difficult to recognize the existence of a highly developed pracivilization, which possessed the most advanced technologies and the highest capabilities. Thus, archaeologists came to the common opinion that the inhabitants of the ancient state did not create pyramids, but only restored them.

Discoveries of Russian scientists

It is believed that the ancient civilization originated in Mesopotamia - a region that coincides with the territory of modern Iraq. Herodotus wrote about the country, and later the Bible with stories about the Garden of Eden and the Tower of Babel contributed to the emergence of interest in the lands of the Middle East.

Domestic scientists, who made exciting archaeological discoveries of Mesopotamia, received the State Prize of Russia in the field of science and technology. It should be noted that studies of important monuments of the Mesopotamia began in the XIX century, when French and English archaeologists discovered to the whole world luxurious palaces of the late Assyrian kingdom with unique bas-reliefs depicting scenes of hunting, fighting, and cultic activities.

Later, experts discovered the earlier layer of history, which is associated with the Sumerian civilization, which appeared with all the signs of a highly developed culture.

Excavation of the temple complex

Russian specialists worked in the ancient cult center - Tell Khazna. Children's burials were found in an earthen vessel, a huge necropolis that appeared in the IV century BC, granaries and religious buildings. Ancient monument has a specific character, as there are no residential buildings.

The fact that this is a temple complex is evidenced by the latest archaeological discoveries. For example, scientists discovered ash-filled buildings, at the bottom of which the remains of children's burials rested. A clay table for sacrifices was found in the sanctuary of the cult structure.

After the publication of all the finds, the idea of the role of the Syrian region changed dramatically. If earlier it was spoken of as a province of the ancient Eastern world, now it became clear that this is an area of high cultural achievements, and our archaeologists have contributed to the knowledge of the origins of ancient civilizations.

Scientists involved in the study of historical monuments, suggested that before us on the planet there were civilizations that reached a high level of technological development. What is the reason for their disappearance, archaeologists find it difficult to answer, and who knows how many centuries will pass before humankind gets an answer to an exciting question.