HealthMedicine

What shows and how do abdominal ultrasound?

There are situations when a doctor prescribes an abdominal ultrasound for diagnosis. Many patients did not even hear such a definition. Therefore, a natural question arises: what does abdominal ultrasound mean? This is a method of research with which the doctor receives accurate information about the organs of the retroperitoneal space, the abdominal cavity, the excretory system and the kidneys.

If a woman is examined, the evaluation of gynecological organs is also performed, and in men - the prostate gland. Such diagnostics requires a certain preparation, no unpleasant sensations occur during its performance, and the result can be recognized immediately after the procedure. So what is abdominal ultrasound and how is it done? Let's try to figure this out.

The essence of the abdominal examination

Ultrasound of the abdominal region allows to diagnose pathologies of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs with the help of ultrasound. These waves begin to propagate at different rates in media of different densities. At this time, a picture appears on the monitor of the device, which displays dense patches of echogenic inclusions of light color.

Abdominal ultrasound allows us to determine the boundaries of the organ and, by its echogenicity, reveals pathology. In this case, such diagnostics are indispensable in many cases, since it allows very accurately to show the state of organs in the abdominal cavity, as a result of which a correct diagnosis is made.

What can be detected by abdominal examination?

If an abdominal ultrasound is prescribed, which organs are examined and what pathological processes do they determine?

  • Liver - identify hepatitis, cyst, cirrhosis, abscesses, tumors, as well as fatty degenerations of this organ;
  • Gallbladder - determine the size of the stones and their number inside the bladder or in its bile ducts, and also reveal abnormal development of the organ itself, recognize cholecystitis and empyema;
  • Pancreas - determine the presence and size of stones inside the ducts, abscesses, inflammation, various types of tumors, necrosis and anomalies in development;
  • Abdominal aorta - recognize aneurysms, abnormal forkings or divergences;
  • Spleen - identify trauma, hemorrhage, as well as changes in its size.

If the patient is properly prepared, then you can see not only the stomach, but the initial department of the duodenum.

At what symptoms is it necessary to prescribe an abdominal examination?

The doctor directs the patient to abdominal ultrasound in the following cases:

  • When the patient complains of acute and frequent pain in the right side, in the region of the ribs, which occur paroxysmally;
  • If the pain is shrouded in nature;
  • When the patient complains of a bitter taste in his mouth;
  • If for a long time the abdomen is very sore;
  • With problems with the prostate;
  • If the patient had a feeling of heaviness and discomfort in his right side;
  • With problems with female genital organs.

Preparation for abdominal examination

If the patient has previously undergone the procedure of irrigoscopy or gastrography, the patient must necessarily warn the doctor about it, since in these cases barium is used. This is very important, since particles of this substance may still be in the intestines, leading to a distortion of the result and complicating the examination process.

It is also very important when preparing for the study to follow a diet and use medications. These methods are aimed at reducing and eliminating gases in the intestine, which can close other organs.

Correct preparation for the study includes the following recommendations:

  • Three days before the procedure, it is necessary to go on a diet, completely excluding from the diet products that increase the formation of gases in the body. They include: beans, dairy products, peas, soda, cabbage, bread, sweets, fresh vegetables and fruits.
  • During the same three days, it is necessary to take medicines that eliminate gases from the intestine. To such preparations carry the activated coal or capsules "Espumizan". On the day of the study, a double amount of the drug is taken without washing with water.
  • In the evening before the procedure, you can take a mild laxative or put an enema with a little cool water.
  • Abdominal ultrasound is performed only on an empty stomach. 8 hours before the test, you should not take any food, even in minimal quantities. Drinking water is also prohibited 6 hours before the procedure, as it also distorts the results. Diabetics are allowed a small snack.
  • If the gallbladder is to be examined, it is advisable not to smoke before the procedure. Nicotine can cause reflex spasms of the body and distort the diagnostic data.
  • Examination of the pelvis (uterus, prostate, bladder) is performed with a filled bladder. 40 minutes before the procedure, you need to drink 400 ml of liquid.

In severe unbearable pain, the examination should be started immediately, without any preliminary preparation.

How do abdominal ultrasound?

Going into the office, the patient undresses to the waist, then lies down on the couch. The doctor applies a special gel to the abdominal region without color and odor. This is done, as there will be no air gap when the sensor moves.

By examining the internal organs, depending on the viewing angle, the doctor may ask the patient to strain the press, hold his breath, inhale as deeply as possible or, on the contrary, completely exhale. The procedure lasts 20 minutes, and the result can be found right away.

Features of abdominal ultrasound of female organs

If an emergency diagnosis is performed, the patient must inform the date of the last menstruation, but in order to obtain more complete information, it may be necessary to carry out a diagnosis in the following days.

In inflammatory processes in the appendages of the uterus (adnexitis, salpingoophoritis), the study can be carried out any day. If an expansion of the fallopian tubes is detected, the diagnosis is repeated immediately after menstruation.

To identify endometriosis, ultrasound is prescribed in the second half of the menstrual cycle. If endometrial hyperplasia is diagnosed, the test is repeated immediately after the end of menstruation.

If there is a suspicion of myoma of the uterus, ultrasound is performed in the first phase of the cycle.

Research after an abortion is performed immediately after the end of another menstruation. If there are pain or bleeding, the diagnosis is conducted on any day.

Conclusion

Thus, abdominal ultrasound is a broad-spectrum study. With the help of such diagnostics, it becomes possible to examine almost all the organs of the small pelvis and the abdominal cavity. This type of examination is indispensable in pregnancy, as well as in the case where it is impossible to conduct intracavitary ultrasound.

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