Adoption in Russia. Necessary documents for the adoption of a child in Russia

According to the usual idea, it is practically impossible to adopt a child in Russia or, at least, it is extremely troublesome. Potential adoptive parents are frightened by the collection of documents, communication with the guardianship authorities, allegedly hostile attitude to adoptive parents of children's state institutions. However, if the family once and for all decided, adoptions in Russia take place on a fairly well-established algorithm. Of course, this will require both strength and time, and perhaps overcoming some obstacles, but this is far from impossible, as many for some reason seem.

Family status of the adopter

Often the most disturbing problem for families or single people is the question of their status, and for many it becomes a discovery that not only a couple living in an official marriage but also a couple living in a civil marriage and even a single person have the right to adopt a child. There are no legal restrictions for people with this status.

At the same time, if the marriage is registered, then both parents become either adoptive parents (respectively, they both need to collect documents), or consent is required for the adoption of the spouse. If the spouses live in a civil marriage, then one of them adopts the child, and the consent of the civil spouse is not required, he will be able to adopt the child after the first spouse makes it, and the procedure for this will be completely different, since the child will have absolutely Another status (it will already be equated with the rights to "native", and it will be enough to simply apply and re-issue the documents, not the court).

Visit to the guardianship authorities

In the event that you decide to take a baby or an adult child to your family, you first need to contact the guardianship authorities and find out which documents for adoption you need to collect. The employee will get acquainted with you, get acquainted with the document proving your identity, ask you to tell about your family, the reasons for adoption, the conditions in which you live, your lifestyle, profession; And also ask what type of child and age you would like to see in your family.

Deciding this meeting can not be named, it is only a preliminary acquaintance with you of the guardianship authorities. No one subject can make any subjective decisions. However - like everywhere else and everywhere - the impression that you will make on an employee may in the future play its inconspicuous role, since we all live in a world of people, and, no matter how lawfully everything happens, human help and in time this advice is nobody Did not cancel.

You will be registered as a person who wished to become a candidate for adoptive parents. At the same meeting, you will receive a list of documents that need to be collected, you will be told about further steps that need to be taken.

Collection of documents

Federal and regional laws are constantly being refined and changed, and the trend of their changes reflects the simplification of the adoption procedure. Adoption in Russia implies the presentation of the following documents:

• A certificate of your health, drawn up in a special form;
• A certificate stating that you were not convicted for a heavy article;
• Income statement (note that the minimum family budget is calculated not from the number of people who enter it before entering the child's family, but taking into account the child);
• A document confirming the ownership of housing, or the consent of the owner of housing for the adoption of the child, or otherwise. What kind of document you need to show depends on your rights to housing, and you must be advised by a caretaker on these matters;
• Characteristics from the place of work, which can be replaced by a characterization at the place of residence or a response to a request to the Internal Affairs Directorate;
• Application for adoption;
• Short autobiography;
• A document showing that you have completed training courses for foster parents.

In fact, it is only "theoretical" to get acquainted with this list before visiting guardianship offices - in order to understand what, in principle, may be required. However, collecting documents for adoption is meaningful only after the employee gives you not only an up-to-date list of documents, but also forms for filling out. The fact is that any inquiry can be executed not in the form, and the guardianship authorities have the right not to accept such a certificate - not from their own arbitrariness, but based on the fact that these documents will then be required in court, the decision of which depends on the correctness of the documents . Most often, this happens with medical documents or with income statements.

Courses for foster parents

At this time, adoption in Russia is impossible without attending special training courses for foster parents. One of the main tasks of such courses is the prevention of the return of children from foster families to orphanages. Recently, this problem, unfortunately, is really acute.

On the one hand, the state exercises control over ensuring that children do not fall into the hands of incapable and not ready-made families, as well as families pursuing certain self-serving goals. Very often children return to children's homes by arrogant people, and if for the family this is nothing more than disappointment, for the child this is a deep trauma and depriving him of one of the chances of finding a family: after all, it is known that with every failure the child is less and less ready and capable "Settle down" in the family.

On the other hand, specialists prepare potential adoptive parents for possible legal difficulties (first of all, the adoption procedure is discussed), household, medical and, with special attention, psychological. The courses are conducted by trained psychologists, qualified medical personnel, lawyers, and also adopted adoptive parents are invited for lectures. Of course, as in everything, in the quality and meaning of such courses, the human factor primarily plays a role, but more often than not future parents really learn a lot of new things in these classes, and for psychological help and advice they can apply to these courses even after adoption .

You do not need to search for these courses yourself. The employee of the guardianship authorities will give directions to these courses and the coordinates of the center, which, as a rule, functions in one of the orphanages. The duration of these courses can be different, depending on the frequency of meetings and the completeness of the group at the time of your treatment. Basically it takes from two months to six months. In parallel with the attendance of courses, you can collect documents for adoption. On the same courses, you can discuss the conditions of the adoption in more detail and ask all the questions that concern you.

After attending the courses and passing the final attestation, the psychologist will write a conclusion about your willingness to become a foster parent and give it to social security, and you will receive a certificate of attendance.

After the collection of documents

With the collected documents, you must again go to the guardianship authorities. Having become acquainted with the completeness of the documents, the employee will appoint the day of his visit to your family - to get acquainted with the living conditions and the possibility of placing a child in these conditions. This meeting should be held no later than two weeks at a time convenient for you. At a later date, the employee can come only at your request. However, most likely, you will be asked not to allow this, since recently, social protection officers in this sense are particularly under control, and with their arbitrariness and delay in the timing of this meeting in most regions is over.

His visit is only a formal testimony that potential adoption of a child in this house is possible. There are no special requirements for housing, it should be just a safe house, suitable for housing. A child can be adopted in a private house without amenities, and in an apartment with a modest atmosphere, and in a family with pets. Neither the lack of sewage, nor old wallpaper, nor the dog can not be a formal reason for failure. However, adoption in Russia is possible only if your home is safe, hygienic norms are observed, there are not, for example, aggressive drunken relatives, and there is enough room for growth and successful development of the child.

Status of candidates for foster parents

After all the documents have been collected, and your family is visited by a social worker, you will be registered as "candidates for foster parents". This means that you will have the right to visit the data bank of orphans. Candidates are given a special certificate that gives the right to search for a child in all regions of Russia.

After that, as a rule, future parents visit the regional data bank and register there, filling out questionnaires with their wishes about the future child. The columns on the sex of the child, the age range, appearance, and other requirements are filled in. Then the employee introduces future parents to the questionnaires of those children who at that moment are in the database of this region.

It seems to many that foreign adoption is the priority in Russia and that it is practically impossible to obtain information about a healthy child without financial levers of influence on the employees of the data bank. However, this is not the case. Hundreds of Russian families adopt beautiful healthy kids of the age they dreamed of.

Requirements for the future child

It may take some time to find a child, but everything depends on the family's expectations. Of course, if the list of requirements is great, and the family needs the child to be not only of a certain age but also of a certain appearance and high level of development, did not have a single medical diagnosis and "fuse in the heart" at first sight, Than if the family simply wants to take the child without serious diagnoses, the age, say, from one to four years.

Of course, if you filled out the wishes in great detail and registered a maximum of requirements, then you will be asked a minimum of the questionnaires of children, and vice versa. Therefore, many future parents indicate only an approximate age, and in the column "gender" they emphasize the word "desirable" to be able to see the questionnaires of children of the opposite sex, since they rely more on fate than on their own ideas and stereotypes. Employees of the guardianship and the data bank will tell a lot of stories about how, for example, a couple dreamed of a one-year-old blond boy, and as a result took a five-year-old black-eyed girl into the family.

Referral to a children's institution

Employees representing the so-called "adoption bank" are entitled to show an unlimited number of questionnaires of children who meet the requirements of candidates. However, future parents can take the direction only to get acquainted with one child. Then, if necessary, the candidates can get acquainted with an unlimited number of children, but each time in a data bank they will be given permission to get acquainted with only one child.

After acquaintance with the child, potential parents have the opportunity to visit him for ten days and then decide on the possibility of adoption. Only if candidates write an official refusal of adoption, they will have the opportunity to get a referral for acquaintance with another child.

It often happens that potential parents write such a refusal without getting acquainted with the baby, since even before they meet with them, the staff of the children's institution is being interviewed. For example, if they come to the child's home, adoption can be supervised by the head physician, psychologist and social worker. Candidates are provided with complete information about the child: his medical record is displayed, his development, biological parents, and his behavior are described in detail. In order to avoid traumatic situations, candidates can ask to talk with the group's educator, with the teacher and on the basis of the current impression, to refuse to meet and adopt.

Acquaintance with the child

Acquaintance with the child is a very trembling and responsible moment for both the parents and the pupil of the orphanage. Even the smallest children somehow understand that they are "chosen", and often nervous, shy, worried, try to please.

By this time, of course, it is impossible to prepare psychologically. Most adults experience anxiety and tension before the unknown. The most traumatic thought is the idea that you will have to meet "not with that" child, who will have to refuse. Therefore, even before the meeting, it is better to learn from the staff of the institution, at least about the details of the meeting conditions, in order to better imagine this day and to eliminate as many "unknowns" as possible.

Acquaintance with the child often occurs in the playroom, where there are many toys, comfortable furniture. In some institutions with a child you are allowed to remain alone, in others the meeting is strictly under the supervision of the teacher. In some cases, the child can walk, in others you can only communicate in the room. By itself, the unnaturalness of acquaintance literally embarrasses both adults and pupils of the institution. However, as a rule, emotions so overwhelm both sides that after a while everyone stops paying attention to restraint, and the meeting goes naturally.

The first meeting is usually rather short. Adults and the child get the first impression of each other. One family of this is enough to make a decision, others need other meetings. As a rule, the older the child, the more meetings with him are required.

After making a decision

If everything is good, and the parents understand that they have found their child, they either take him first under guardianship, or immediately prepare documents for the court for adoption. The court most often makes a positive decision, as the guardianship officers monitor the correctness of the execution of documents and the observance of the adoption procedure. Sometimes the court makes a decision to postpone the hearing because of incorrect execution of a particular document.

The Mystery of Adoption

After adoption, the family may be overshadowed by the idea that a grown-up child can learn about his or her origin. Now more and more adoptive parents make a decision in advance that they will not keep from the child in secret the history of his appearance in the family, and gradually prepare him for a story about his origin. Most of them proceed from the fact that a child can somehow find out the truth anyway and feel deceived, and the outcome of this "deception" can be not only dramatic, but also tragic. Those who want to "open their eyes to the child" can be plenty.

The fact is that the so-called "adoption mystery" concerns only officials. Employees of guardianship agencies and state institutions do not have the right to provide information to anyone about the fate and the past of a child. As for relatives, friends and neighbors, they are free from these obligations, and to hide the true state of affairs from them is possible only if the newborn is adopted. Neighbors, colleagues and casual acquaintances are the most reliable unwitting witnesses of our life, and they often are the perpetrators of family dramas concerning adoptive children.

It is because of these circumstances, which dictates the reality, that the family often does not rely on the moral values and kindness of people and decides to rid the child and herself of such interventions by independently revealing the truth to the child.

"The secret of adoption" is stored only in the sense that, according to the law, the employees of institutions do not have the right to give the former relatives of the child his coordinates if he was adopted to insure the foster family from encroachments on the child on their part.

In general, the adoption procedure in Russia is quite regulated, and in standard cases enough initiative, time and patience to find and accept a new family member.