Samoilovich Ivan Samoilovich: biography

Samoilovich Ivan Samoylovich - Hetman troops of Zaporozhye on the Left Bank Ukraine. He headed it from 1672 to 1687. He was the successor of Demjan Mnogogreshnogo. This article will describe a brief biography of the hetman.

Career Military

Ivan Samoilovich Samoilovich was born in Khodorkov (Ukraine, Zhytomyr region). The exact date of birth is unknown, around the 1630s. After the war of Bogdan Khmelnytsky, the whole family of Samoiloviches moved to Krasnyi Kolyadin (Chernihiv region). The brothers of Ivan became priests, but this prospect did not appeal to him. The young man decided to realize himself in another sphere. Once in the Cossack army, he made a pretty fast career, having received in a short time the title of a company colonel.

In 1665, Ivan went to serve in the Chernigov army, headed by Demjan Mnogogreshnym. In 1669 the Cossack Rada elected him a hetman. Samoylovich, as his faithful ally, Demyan appointed a general judge. Ivan also went to Moscow to sign Glukhov's articles. In general, Mnogogreshny led an independent policy, which is very disliked officials from the capital. Soon he was removed from office. In March 1672, Demian was arrested by a Cossack sergeant-major. At first Mnogogreshny was sent to Moscow, and from there to Siberia.

The title of Hetman

One of the main organizers of Demian's dismissal was Samoilovich Ivan Samoilovich. Before the next voting, the rules are a special one, formed of conspiracy senior officers. In 1672, near Konotop, new elections were held for the hetman of the left-bank Ukraine. Samoilovich became it, although he did not want it that much. He confirmed his loyalty to Moscow and promised to execute anyone who encroached on this union.

Expansion of territories

Becoming a hetman, Samoilovich Ivan Samoilovich decided to unite the Ukrainian lands. In 1674, together with Romodanovsky (Belgorod colonel), he spoke on the right bank against Doroshenko. At the same time, one of the hetmans of Right-Bank Ukraine gave up his authority in favor of Samoilovich. Other elders, displeased with Doroshenko's leadership, also acted. The latter surrendered in 1676. Thus, Ivan united the Ukrainian lands and became hetman of the two banks of the Dnieper.

New battles

In 1677-1681 years. During the Russian-Turkish war Samoilovich was engaged in the defense of the hetman capital. As a result, Chigirin was completely destroyed. Ivan was forced to retreat to the Left Bank. And on the right under the Turkish protectorate, the hetman was proclaimed Yuri Khmelnitsky. At this time Samoilovich realized that it was necessary to fight not for the land, but for people. In 1679 he ordered the Cossacks forcibly resettling peasants from the Right Bank to the Left. Now in the power of Khmelnytsky there were only burned and ruined cities and villages. After this act of Ivan Samoilovich all the simple population hated and constantly cursed him.

"Eternal Peace" and the Crimean trek

In 1683, Poland defeated the Turks near Vienna. Thus, it restored its own control over the Right-Bank Ukraine. The Poles offered Samoilovich a union, but the hetman refused. On the other hand, they negotiated with Russia about a joint action against the Ottoman Empire. Ivan was confident in the failure of such an alliance. He discouraged Russian diplomats, assuring them that the Lahs did not keep their word and it makes no sense to negotiate with them. Samoilovych's arguments were not accepted, and in 1686 the "Eternal Peace" was signed with Poland. He fixed the division of Ukraine along the Dnieper and assumed the Crimean campaign. The latter ended in failure. Even before the start of the fighting, because of the burning of the steppe and other unfavorable circumstances, the Russian-Ukrainian army lost almost half of its personnel. Samoilovich Ivan Samoilovich insisted on retreat and return to his homeland. The assembled party supported the Hetman's decision.

Dissatisfaction with Ivan Samoilovich gradually increased: the Cossacks and the elders did not like him for corruption and the introduction of exorbitant taxes. Russian voevody "put an eye" on the huge state of the hetman, "earned" them during the reign. In addition, officials did not like the independent policy pursued by Ivan. Also it was necessary to blame someone for the failure of the Crimean campaign.

Arrest and death

In June 1687, the Cossack petty officers wrote a denunciation of 23 points to Samoilovich. It is considered that the ideological inspirer of this document was Ivan Mazepa. Among the items there were also the accusations mentioned above. But most of all Moscow officials did not like one thesis. According to him, Samoilovich Ivan Samoilovich planned to create his own specific principality and get rid of the capital's protectorate. In July 1687 the Russian troops arrested the hetman. After the trial, he was exiled to the city of Tobolsk (Siberia), where he died in 1690.

Personal Emblem

Since the XVII century, the Samoilovich family had a Polish coat of arms "Shalava", which was a blue shield. On its field was a golden ring, on the inner circle of which were uniformly placed three cavalry crosses. There was a hand with a sword in the Kleinod. It's blue, lined with gold. Well, Ivan Samoilovich himself had a slightly different coat of arms. The hetman received it in the last years of the reign: three black cavalry crosses were located on the red field of the shield. In the Kleynod, three ostrich feathers could be observed.

Samoilovich Ivan Samoilovich: Memory

Even now, several centuries after the death of the hetman, none of the Ukrainians have forgotten the works that he created. Samoilovich Ivan Samoilovich, whose biography is presented above, went down in history as one of the biggest corrupt officials. He imposed a lot of incomprehensible and excessive taxes on the people. By the end of his life, Ivan had accumulated such a huge fortune that even Russian high-ranking officials wanted to profit them.

In 2000, a brand dedicated to the hero of this article appeared in Ukraine.

It is worth noting that many people confuse the hetman with a man named Kunda Ivan Samoilovich. It is not entirely clear where this misconception came from. It is well known that Kunda Ivan Samoilovich is a member of the Second World War, who had the rank of sergeant. He was born in 1925, and the service began in 1942. For his services he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree. And he has nothing to do with the hetman (except for the same name and patronymic) who lived three centuries before him.